A Survey on the Impact of Green Procurement

TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATIONi TABLE OF CONTENT. . ii-iii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION.. 1 1. 1 Background of the Study1 1. 1. 1 The Kenyan cementumum Industries3 1. 2 tale of the Problem4 1. 3 Objectives of the Study5 1. 4 Signifi atomic number 50ce of the Study5 1. 5 Justification for the Study6 1. 6 chain of mountains of the get a line6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE refreshen7 2. 0 substructure7 2. 1 The belief of light- putting putting surface procurance7 2. 2 savvy of verdancy procurance in the cement Industry7 2. verdure Procurement Practises in the Cement Industry9 2. 4 The Impact of immature Procurement on the Performance of the Organization10 2. 5. Conceptual framework11 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY13 3. 0 Introduction13 3. 1 inquiry Design13 3. 2 Target state13 T equal 3. 1 Target Population and hear Size14 3. 3 Sampling and Sample techniques14 3. 4 selective information Collection Instruments15 3. 5 selective information Collection Procedure15 3. 6 Data Analy sis15 REFERENCES17 APPENDICES20 App closingix I Introduction Letter20Appendix II inquiry Questionnaire21 Appendix III Budget26 Appendix IV era Schedule27 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the Study environmental issues be take aim become a subject of unfavorable concern for businesses in new-fangled years worldwide. Environmental obligations fork out grown substantially as fraternity becomes to a greater extent conscious of its surround. Legislation relating to the environment is increasing in number, and companies have to be environmentally responsible by victorious a proactive stance on unbidden initiatives.Therefore, it is essential that they deliver reasonably priced persona goods and dish ups in desired eon frame. Porter and Vander Linde (1995) proved that flop designed environmental standards can trigger innovations that improve values, ultimately deepen resource merchandiseivity that unsexs companies to a greater extent competitive. Green procuran ce is an approach in which environmental shock absorbers play an alpha role in procural decisions, with procural placers concerned about more than just price and fictional character.Companies which pride themselves on environmental stewardship and thoughtful c atomic number 18 of the environment may usage thousand procurance, among numerous opposite tactics, to en for sure that they do business in an environmentally responsible way. A number of aspects of the procurance execute may be adjusted to make full a mission of environmental sustainability (Williams, 2000). Within a procurance business, jet objecte procurance can involve changes in office procedures which argon designed to benefit the environment.For example, rather than having heap submit bribe orders and askings on paper, the procurance office ability switch to electronic methods of colloquy so that paper is not fling offd. The office might also need in environmentally friendly activities like r educing heartiness usage, keeping plants nigh the office to improve air quality, or buying one C offsets to compensate for office energy usage. During the procural member, common land procural involves seeking out crops which argon manufactured sustainably (Williams, 2000).On a simple level, atomic number 19 procurement can push companies to seek out office supplies made from environmental products, or products made by companies which are committed to environmental stewardship. The office might also demand minimal packaging on the products it orders, intent for products go with bio-diesel, seek out manufacturing facilities which bear environmental certifications, or depute to electric potential vendors that it would prefer products from companies which are committed to minimizing run through and benefiting the environment.Procuring products which are environmentally responsible can be a challenging occupation both in the organization and the procurement ships ship s officers. liberation unripened can make your products more attractive to big buyers and consumers, trim down waste disposal and in operation(p) costs, and attention you comply with more and more loaded environmental regulations (Alsop and Post, 1995). On the other hand building environmental concerns into procurement might seem except to add to your costs, hurl you to buy products of inferior quality and cost you epoch and effort.There are a number of obstacles for implementing green procurement programs and this intromit, lack of pronto avail adapted to(p) environmental friendly products, zero or expensive environmental elections, inaccurate studies, lack of organizational post and inaccurate or unfounded environmental claims by the manufacturers and suppliers. Others are legislation, organizational policies, and directives, environmental perplexity systems or multi lateral holdments often require organizations to implement a green procurement program (Worrell, Martin, Hendriks and Meida, 2001).Labeling and certification extremitys vary, so a green procurement officer may think that he or she is doing the right thing by procuring a product which bears a green label and later find out that the product is not more environmentally responsible than that of a competitor, unconstipated though it is more expensive. Good procurement officers bequeath investigate their sources with care, winning the time to confirm that the claims made by a companionship are accurate and comparing info from opposite sources to see which vendor is the best(p) (Alsop and Post, 1995).Companies which engage in green procurement biddinges may be legal for environmental certification, formal recognition from the political sympathies, and other perks. Projecting a sustainable image can also be a valuable merchandise tool which a company may utilize to get an advance on the competition. Environmental advocates also point out that as more and more companies d emand green procurement, the market for environmentally sustainable products expands, making them cheaper and easier to obtain.These advocates hope to see green procurement becoming the norm, rather than an droll event (Worrell, Martin, Hendriks and Meida, 2001). 1. 1. 1 The Kenyan Cement Industries The major cementum manufacturing industries in Kenya are, the eastbound African Portland Cement and Bamburi Cement. Bamburi Cement Ltd. was founded in 1951 by Felix Mandl a director of Cementia Holding A. G. Zurich. Cementia later went into lucknership with amobarbital sodium Circle PLC (UK). In 1989, Lafarge, the worlds largest building materials group, acquired Cementia, and thus became an equal shareholder with Blue Circle.Lafarge bought Blue Circle in 2001 to become the largest building materials company in the world and Bamburi Cement Limited principle shareholder. Bamburi Cement is the largest cement manufacturing company in the region and its Mombasa plant is the second lar gest cement plant in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also one of the largest manufacturing export earners in Kenya, exporting 28 per cent of its production in 1998. Export markets include Reunion, Uganda and Mayotte (Coito, 2004).The eastern African Portland Cement Company (EAPCC) started as a trading company import cement mainly from England for previous(predicate) body structure work in East Africa. It was formed by Blue Circle Industries united Kingdom. The name Portland was attached due to the resemblance in color of set cement to the Portland rock n roll that was mined on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. For more than 70 years, East African Portland Cement Company has been Kenyas leading cement manufacturer. By providing the actionblood of the countrys construction industry, the company has played a central role in people building.The EAPCC has greatly expanded its production capacity with the introduction of Mill none 5 and at present produces over 1. 3 million tonn es of cement per annum (Detwiler and Tennis, 1996). 1. 2 Statement of the Problem Sustainability in procurement is a development business and social phenomenon, as organizations around the world attempt to reorient their operations with their sustainability priorities, whether to source honourablely, constrict their environmental set up or to support their host communities.All kinds of organizations are being swept up in these developments, including local and central governments, public sector institutions, non-profit organizations and businesses large and sharp. This naturally has a cascading effect on suppliers who need to anticipate these marketplace changes in order to meet the evolving requirements of their clients (Alsop and Pos, 1995). The Kenyan cement industry has not been left behind either.Through the Kyoto protocol, the government has set up policies and regulations which must be adhered to by the players in the industries including cement manufacturing industries . The process of cement manufacturing involves a long process and combinations of materials whose by products are released into the environment. This poses a great challenge and threat to environmental sustainability especially to the people around the factories and the workers in the industries (Terra, 2007).According to Coito, (2004), through the Kyoto protocol, the government has set up standards for environmental sustainability practises to ensure that the operations of the industries do not interfere with the environment around them, however, due to the nature of the cement manufacturing industries, they pose a greater jeopardy to the environment and this calls for a critical downstairsstanding on how the practice of green procurement is carried out in these industries. As the gap between green procurement and the work activities of institutions continue to widen significantly it poses a major challenge to the sustainability of the environment.The enquiryers have been motiva ted to carry out this enquiry in order to castrate this disparity by encouraging the society to shoot on the pretend of the green procurement. Through green procurement the end products of an organization are environmentally friendly to the consumers, the cost of production is lessen hence higher profits to the organization and cheaper prices to the consumers, the products are of high quality and the consumers of much(prenominal) products are satisfied, however due to the nature of the cement production, his becomes a big challenge to the organizations and thitherfore it calls for a critical understanding on how the practise is carried out in these industries and how it affects their products. The lead intends to find answers to the following questions do the cement manufacturing industries practise green procurement? What is the impact of green procurement on the organizational execution of instrument? 1. 3 Objectives of the Study The fair games of this workplace include i.To establish the extent to which the procurement staff in spite of appearance the cement manufacturing industries valuate the concept of green procurement. ii. To investigate how green procurement is carried out by the procurement officers in cement manufacturing industries. iii. To establish the impact of green procurement on the performance of the organizations. 1. 4 Significance of the Study The Procurement officers The adopt allow enable the procurers to appreciate green procurement as a current practise which must be given keen financial aid and carried in a way that ensures environmental sustainability.The procurers pull up stakes find this correction important especially those who do not have the green procurement competence and hence seek for further information to enable them follow out the practise without difficulties. Organizations prudence Through this determine, the managers lead be enlightened on the impact of green procurement its benefits and impacts to the organizations and the law, so as to plan and control it in the organizations plans. This pull up stakes ensure that much(prenominal) organizations carry out their procurement process in a way which shows concern for environmental sustainability.The politics The study willing help the government in evaluating the practise of green procurement in the industries, whether the cement industries are adhering to the set regulations and rules. This will be a benchmark for the government to mensurate the set down rules and the level of compliance by the industries. The Academicians This study will form a root for further studies on green procurement and add onto the existing literary works on procurement and environmental sustainability. 1. 5 Justification for the StudyIn the cement manufacturing process in the industry, the product goes through unhomogeneous stages before the production of the utmost product. Throughout the product flavour cycle (PLC), the industry has many potential environmental impacts and it must deal with restoring exhausted limestone quarries, minimizing wastes, reducing emission of light speed dioxide and impacts from dust and traffic or other air pollutants such as NOx and SOx which are mainly emitted in process of energy usage in baking of cement. Therefore, the industry must append a utensil of dealing with the waste in a responsible and accep circuit card manner.This is wherefore the researchers have come up with this study so as to assess how the cement industries apply the green procurement policies regardless of the type of operations they carry out. 1. 6 Scope of the study The study will center on the impact of green procurement on the cement manufacturing industries. It will be carried out in Blue Triangle and Bamburi cement Athi River. The study will posterior the procurement divisions within the two organizations. The answerings for the study will be drawn from the employees working in those departments. CHA PTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0 IntroductionThe chapter reviews the literature related to green procurement, its importance and impact on the organization that carry out the process. 2. 1 The concept of green procurement Green Procurement can be stated as the procurement of products and services which are environmentally friendly. The products or services procured should have a lower impact on the environment over their whole life cycle than the standard equivalent. It involves the integration of environmental issues, such as contamination prevention and decline of waste into procurement decisions along with traditional factors such as price, performance and quality (Williams, 2000).Green Procurement entails practices which encourage suppliers to safeguard the environment by producing goods or offering services that do not scathe the environment or lead to heavy workout of resources such as energy when being utilise (Williams, 2000). These practices include office of products made victimisation recycled materials, use of energy efficient or low energy-consuming products, procuring products that use alternative fuel for example solar, bio-diesel, and ethanol, use of bio-degradable materials and use of non-ozone layer depleting substances (Perry and Singh, 2002). . 2 Appreciation of Green Procurement in the Cement Industry Sustainable procurement is a growing global trend. Increasingly businesses, governments, non-profit and other organizations are compound social and environmental objectives into the procurement process as a marrow to reduce their environmental effects, leverage social benefits and foster a sustainable economy for example green procurement has increased in northmost America (US, Canada and Mexico) in the last ternary years, as reported in the 2007 and 2008 Eco Markets studies, (Terra, 2007).In Europe, membership of the Buy-It-Green Network has seen its membership of government procurers more than double from 1997 to 2001 and more th an triple since 2001. This is an indicator of the growth in green procurement within Europes government sector. A 2005 survey of 25 EU member states was conducted in which government procurement agencies were assessed to determine the effectiveness of their green procurement programs. The study evaluated 1,099 tender documents and surveyed 865 procurers and found that while 67% determine themselves as green procurers, only 37% had green procurement programs in place (Terra, 2007).In the period 1900-2004, the whole of Africa was responsible for 2. 5% of cumulative coulomb dioxide emissions whilst the US accounted for 29. 5%. In 2007, Indias per capita carbon dioxide emissions were 1. 4 metric tonnes per annum against 19. 3 tonnes in the US. Although these gaps are narrowing, historic emissions are relevant because carbon dioxide remain in the atmosphere to exert a greenhouse effect for many decades. All assessments of vulnerability to climate change concur that the countries most badly threatened are those which carry the least historical responsibility (Perry and Singh, 2002).The Kyoto protocol was negotiated in 1997 as a supplement to the Framework Convention on Climate Change and eventually ratified in February 2005. Richer countries, known as Annex 1 countries, are subject to legally binding targets for subtle greenhouse waste emissions. In aggregate, these seek a 5% reduction in the 1990 level of global emissions before the end of a startle commitment period in 2012. However, the calculation excludes emissions from aviation and shipping and there has been no contri aloneion from the US which ref utilize to ratify the Protocol.Furthermore, several countries, including Canada and Japan, have blatantly disregarded their Kyoto commitments (Terra, 2007). The poorest countries now find themselves in an impossible position. They unanimously favor continuity of the Kyoto Protocol as the only currently available meat of binding the big polluting countrie s to their promises. But if they refuse to compromise, they may be impeach of collapsing the UN process which is the only international forum in which poor countries have an equal voice (Tokyo, Worrell and Galitsky, 2004). . 3 Green Procurement Practises in the Cement Industry Suppliers are unavoidable to provide proof of their commitment to environmental protection. This may take the form of statements on the steps they are taking to reduce their impact on environment, or alternatively to demonstrate that they are not in b happen of any statutory requirements relating to the environment. In addition, suppliers should accept the environmental impact of their products through the whole life cycle, from cradle to big(p).Today, environmental procurement is an increasingly important issue and decision-making tool for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries and economies in transition. It can be ignored by an enterprise only at peril to its long-term surviv al (Coito, 2004). all product, process and service has an impact upon the environment. Using life cycle persuasion can help our understanding of the types and degree of impacts and where they occur. Life cycle sentiment can also provide information on how changes made in a particular stage of the life cycle affects impacts upstream or downstream.For example, the highest impacts of cement products occur in the extraction of raw materials while for others it is during their use or disposal when higher environmental impacts occur. Taking a life cycle perspective can also illustrate the benefits of collecting and cycle packaging materials instead of sending them to landfill the recycled can replace the need to use virgin materials (Detwiler and Tennis, 1996). On a simple level, green procurement can push companies to seek out office supplies made from environmental products, or products made by companies which are committed to environmental stewardship.The office might also demand mi nimal packaging on the products it orders, look for products moved with bio-diesel, seek out manufacturing facilities which bear environmental certifications, or indicate to potential vendors that it would prefer products from companies which are committed to minimizing waste and benefiting the environment (Roth et al, 2002). Before a green procurement program can be implemented, current procurement practices and policies must be reviewed and assessed.A life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts of products or services is infallible and a set of environmental criteria against which procurement and centre decisions are made has to be developed. The outcome is a regularly reviewed green procurement policy that is integrated into other organisational plans, programs, and policies. A green procurement policy includes date-stamped priorities and targets, the assignment of responsibilities and accountability and a communication and promotion plan (Roth et al, 2002). 2. The Impac t of Green Procurement on the Performance of the Organization The environmental impacts over the life cycle of products are a simple concept to understand. Essentially the diverse environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, water use, air befoulment, non renewable resource material use, chemical emissions and waste amounts are measures along the life of a product through a quantification methodology and accumulated. This quantification allows the results to visually represented delivering guidance for procurers that seek to compare different products (Nik et al, 2008).Green procurement policies and programs can reduce expenditure and waste increase resource efficiency and influence production, markets, prices, available services and organisational behaviour. They can also abet countries in meeting multi-lateral requirements such as the Kyoto Protocol and Rotterdam Convention. International Standards governing and other bodies have established guidelines for green proc urement programs (Tokyo, Worrell and Galitsky, 2004). Environmental procurement reduces your costs.Some costs in procurement are visible price channelize etc. Others are invisible losses due to inefficient use of resources product liability and the like. Environmental procurement can help reduce boilers suit costs for the short, medium and long term by introducing a life-cycle perspective. Compliance with regulations environmental procurement helps you meet regulations. Adopting the approach at an early stage can help your enterprise meet progressively stricter environmental regulations at a lower overall cost.Environmental procurement can help you keep pacing with consumers preferences. The demand for environmentally safe products is being increasingly felt in developing countries and transition economies as well as in developed countries (Worrell, Martin, Hendriks and Meida, 2001). In sum environmental procurement improves your overall competitiveness. Applying environmental p rocurement can improve your enterprises strategic position in the market, whether domestic or international. Green procurement steams from pollution prevention principles and activities.Also known as green or environmental purchasing, green procurement compares price, technology, quality and the environmental impact of the product, service or contract. Green procurement policies are applicable to all organisations, regardless of size. Green procurement programs may be as simple as procuring renewable energy or recycled office paper or more involved such as setting environmental requirements for suppliers and contractors (Tokyo, Worrell and Galitsky, 2004). 2. 5. Conceptual framework Figure 1. 1 Conceptual framework Dependent variable Independent variablesGreen procurement is a fundamental environmental concern that every procurement officer is required to embrace so as to be able procure goods and service that are environmental friendly or procure from suppliers who are environment al conscious about the effect of their products on the environmental sustainability. Appreciation of green procurement by the procurement officers helps in studying the environment under which the organizations operates and therefore buying their products from suppliers who show concern for the environmental well being.The process of green procurement in the industry takes many different forms but the most important is how it is done in the cement industry. The procurement officer in a cement industry must be able to buy products which are acceptable to environment due to the nature of the cement industry the products bought should be able to reduce its effect on the environment. Green procurement has several impacts on the performance of the procurement officers they are able to purchase goods which promote environment sustainability to the people around them hence promoting a positive social cohabitation and reputation of the organization.Green procurement directly affects the end product i. e. the final product becomes competitive in the market. This greatly improves the performance of the procurement officers in the organization. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 0 Introduction This chapter presents the various steps that will facilitate the execution of the study to satisfy the objectives of this study. These steps include the research design, population of interest, sampling and sampling techniques, info order of battle instruments and procedures and data psychoanalysis. 3. 1 Research DesignThe design of this study is establish on survey research of cement industries in Kenya, which will be employ mainly because the design is useful in describing the characteristics of a large population. The research design allows the use of various methods of data arrangement like questionnaire, oppugn methods and observation guides. 3. 2 Target Population The study will target two cement industries that East African Portland Cement (EAPC) and Bamburi Cement (BC). The respondent will be drawn from the top management and the procurement department from these organizations as shown in table 3. below. evade 3. 1 Target Population and Sample Size Target PopulationPopulation EstimateSample SizePercentage (%) take place Management (CEO or MD) from BC1 1100 Top Management ( CEO or MD) from EAPC1 1100 Procurement motorcoach (BC)11100 Procurement Manager (EAPC) 11100 Procurement department (BC) 501020 Procurement department (EAPC) 501020 Total1042423 Source Authors 2011 According to Table 3. 1 the target population of the study includes the procurement department (100 officers) and the management (4) therefore the nub target population is 104 respondents.Under the management category the study will target the top management of the organizations the CEO or MD (2) or the representative because they are the ones who make decision on policies regarding the operations of the organization and the procurement managers or their deputies (2). 3. 3 Sampling and Sample techniques A sample is a smaller group or sub-group obtained from the accessible population (Mugenda and Mugenda, 1999). This subgroup is carefully selected to be representative of the whole population with the relevant characteristics.The total sample size for this study is 24 (n=24) as shown in table 3. 1 above. The sample size is convenient to handle due to time constrains. The sampling technique to be used is simple random to disperse respondent for the study from the target population. 3. 4 Data Collection Instruments These are the data collection instruments to be used in the process of data collection. They will be questionnaires and this will be used to collect data from all the respondents. The questionnaires, will be used for the following reasons a) can reach a large number of respondents within a short ime, b) gives the respondents adequate time to respond to the items, c) offers a sense of security (confidentiality) to the respondents, and d) tends to be objective since no bias resulting from the personal characteristics (as in interview). There will be two sets of questionnaires which will have a number of sub-sections that will be sub-divided establish on the major research objectives or questions except the low gear sub-section (section A) that is meant to capture the demographic characteristics of the participants like sex, marital status, age, working experience, and level of knowledge. 3. Data Collection Procedure The authority to conduct the study in the organizations will be obtained from the management through a personal letter of request from the researchers and an introduction letter from the department to show that these are genuine students from the University of Nairobi. The selected respondents will be given the questionnaires to fill. The researchers will then pick them thereafter at an curbd time. The researchers will make sure that they observe all the ethical consideration in the research and the responde nts will be assured of confidentiality 3. 6 Data AnalysisThe collected data will be analyzed development quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative data will be unionized and then coded accordingly use statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and Excel. descriptive analysis such as frequencies, mean and percentages will be used to present the data in form of tables and graphs. This will involve label both open and almostd ended items in order to actuate simple descriptive analyses to get reports on data status. The study has three objectives. The questionnaire has been designed according to these objectives and it contains both open and closed ended questions.The close ended questions have been rated using the likert crustal plate where the respondents will be required to select the answers from the ones given in the questionnaire while the open end will require the respondents to give their own views depending on the questions asked. After that data collectio n it will be in a qualitative form. This will be quantified by coding the data using SPSS to generate tables, graphs, charts for interpretation. The data analysis will be done according to the objectives of the study from where conclusions will be made for each objective. REFERENCES Alsop, P. A. and J. W. Post. 995. The Cement Plant Operations Handbook, (First edition). Tradeship Publications Ltd. , Dorking UK. Blumenthal, M. 2004. Scrap Tires supply U. S. Cement Industry. Cement Americas July 2004. Boustead I. 2001. Who Gets the Credit? stand of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe, Brussels. Coito, F. 2004 (draft). Industrial fibre Study The Cement Industry. Prepared by KEMA Xenergy with assistance from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Oakland, Calif. Detwiler, R. J. , and P. D. Tennis. 1996. The habit of Limestone in Portland cement A State-of-the- Art Review. Skokie, Ill Portland cements Association.Goh, Eng Ann, Zailani, Suhaiza, & Wahid, Nabsiah Abd. (2006). A study on t he impact of environmental management system (EMS) certification towards firms performance in Malaysia. Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal. Kaantee, U. , Zevenhoven, R. , Backman, R. & Hupa, M.. (2002). Cement manufacturing using alternative fuels and the advantages of process modeling. Presented at R2002 Recovery, Recycling, Re-integration, Geneva. Kitazawa, S. & Sarkis, J.. (2000). The relationship between ISO 14001 and day-and-night source reduction programs. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(2), 225-248.Kvist, S. , Pongracz, E. & Keiski, R. L.. (2005), ISO 14001 and waste minimization in metallurgy industry. Proceedings of the RESOPT closing seminar Waste minimization and physical exercise in Oulu region Drivers and constraints, Oulu Oulu University Press. Martin Perry & Sanjeev Singh. (2001). Corporate environmental responsibility The potential and limits of voluntary initiatives. engine room, Business and Society Pro gram Paper Number 3, April 2001. Geneva. Mugenda an Mugenda, A. G (1999) Research Methods Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Nairobi Acts Press Nik Ramli Nik Abdul Rashid, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid & Norizan Mat Saad. 2008). Expanding the scope of education for sustainable development among employees of organizations involved in the implementation of the environmental management system. The 12th UNESCO-Asia-Pacific Program of Educational Innovation for Development (APEID). Bangkok. Perry, M. & Singh, S.. (2002), Corporate environmental responsibility In Utting, P. (Ed. ). The greening of business in developing countries Rhetoric, reality, and prospects. capital of the United Kingdom Zed Press, 97-131. Porter, M. E. & van der Linde, C.. (1995). Green and competitive Ending the stalemate. Harvard Business Review, 73(5), 120-129 Portland cements Association (PCA). 997. Blended Cement Potential Study. Skokie, Ill. Portland cements Association. Roth, K. , F. Goldstein, and J. Kleinman. 2 002. zip Consumption by shoes and Telecommunications Equipment in Commercial BuildingsVolume I Energy Consumption Baseline. Washington, D. C. Tokyo. Worrell, E. , and C. Galitsky. 2004. Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for Cement Making An postal code STAR Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. Berkeley, California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. United States Census. 2005d. 2002 Economic Census, Industry Series Reports Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing.Washington, D. C. U. S. Census. Williams E. 2000. orbicular Production Chains and Sustainability The Case of High-Purity Silicon and its Applications in Information Technology and Renewable Energy. United Nations University, APPENDICES Appendix I Introduction Letter The chief(prenominal) Executive Officer/ Managing Director East African Portland Cement/ Bamburi Cement P. O Box Athi River Dear Sir/Madam, RE A SURVEY ON THE IMPACT GREEN PROCUREMENT IN THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN KENYA. As mentioned above we are conducting as survey on the impact of green procurement in the cement industries in Kenya.Your organization has been targeted for the study therefore, we are kindly requesting you to allow us obtain the relevant data. The respondents will be the CEO/MD or his representative and others will be picked from the procurement department. This study is being carried out as a requirement in partial fulfillment of the award of a degree in management research project Bachelor of Commerce, University of Nairobi. A copy of this research will be submitted to you upon request. Your positive response will be extremely appreciated. Thanking you in advance. Yours Faithfully, Appendix II Research Questionnaire We are students from the University of Nairobi. As part of the course work in our undergraduate program, we are carrying out a survey on the impact of green procurement in the cement industry in Kenya. We kindly request that you provide information as required by the questionnaire in the study. Any information that you will provide will be kept confidential and will be used only for the study and the results then availed to the interested parties afterwards. Part A demographic InformationPlease put a tick (v) in the brackets attached to the right response 1. designate your organization a) East African Portland Cement b) Bamburi Cement 2. Indicate your gender a)Male b)Female 3. Your Department, . 4. What is your job designation? Part B 1. Appreciation of Green Procurement Use the likert scale to answer the questions below. 1 strongly agree (SA), 2 agree (A), 3 strongly take issue (SD), 4 discord (D), 5 not sure (NS).State the extent to which you agree with the following statements based on your level of appreciation of green procurement in your organization. ActivitySAASDDNS It is important to think twice before buying supplies that are environmentally unsustainable Environmental procurement means systematically bu ilding environmental considerations into your day-to-day procurement decision-making and operations Its objective is to help you procure the most suitable and environmentally preferable product that meets your enterprises needs.I appreciate the ISO standards which requires companies to incorporate environmental considerations into their procurement procedures It involves ensuring the improvement of the suppliers environmental performance imputable to green procurement increasing number of products that are harmful to the environment (especially chemicals) have been forbidden by international conventions and treaties Harmful products and technologies, risks to the health of the environment and of the population Due to pressure from consumers, various countries have started to put forward restrictions on import certain consumer goodsAny other, inform .. To what extent do you appreciate green procurement as part of your responsibilities in the organization. . 2. How Green Procuremen t is carried out in the Organization Please put a tick (v) in the brackets next to the right response a)Do you practise green procurement? Yes No b)If yes how do you do it? Explain, .. . 3. Use the likert scale to answer the questions below. 1 strongly agree (SA), 2 agree (A), 3 strongly disagree (SD), 4 disagree (D), 5 not sure (NS).State the extent to which you agree with the following statements based on the considerations during green procurement ConsiderationsSAADSDNS Procurement officers have to ask themselves questions such as whether a product is based on resources from environmentally sensitive bases (including regions with fragile ecosystems, rare woods or endangered animals). If a product has a percentage of recycled materials rather than relying on virgin materials. If the production process involves a high level of wastage.Companies should look for products with reduced wastage levels achieved through use of more appropriate materials or better technologies. T he life-cycle approach seeks solutions that reduce ban harmful impacts and costs to the environment. This can mean avoiding restricted or tabu substances, non-degradable materials and packaging prone to leakages in transit. An analysis of purchased items can show what the critical needs are for the enterprise to operate international. Any other, enchant explain .. 4. Impact of Green Procurement on the Organization Use the likert scale to answer the questions below. 1 strongly agree (SA), 2 agree (A), 3 strongly disagree (SD), 4 disagree (D), 5 not sure (NS). State the extent to which you agree with the following statements based on the impact of green procurement ImpactSAASDDNS Consider environmental issues in procurement to reduce total costs Makes your enterprise more competitive.Building environmental concerns into procurement adds to your costs, force you to buy products of inferior quality and cost you time and effort Going green can make your products more attractive to big buyers and consumers reduce waste disposal and operating costs. Help you comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Environmental procurement can help you keep pace with consumers preferences Applying environmental procurement can improve your enterprises strategic position in the market, whether domestic or international.It encourages continuous improvement in products and services Promotes sustainable development in the organization Any others, please explain, . ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Thank you for your cooperation END Appendix III BudgetItemsAmount (Ksh. ) 1. Stationary (Photocopying papers and musical composition materials) 15,000 2. Telephone calls 5,000 3. Transport and movement 5,000 4. Binding and Photocopying 15,000 Total 40,000 Appendix IV Time Schedule Time (Month/Activity)Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Topic search and praise and material collection Pre-visiting the research area. Proposal writing and defense Data collection and analysis. Report writing and defense Final drafting and ledger entry of the research paper