Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Assignment 3 - Essay Example in that respect is a large pool types of contacts to choose from. The lawyer should help you chose the most favourable one for the sale of the toys. Contracts may be sealed, implied, bilateral, void or voidable. Some requires company of sound enforcement whereas some do not some be in writing while others are viva voce (Franco 31). In this case, the lawyer leave help you chose one that will accompany the international sales. The contract should be flexible for easier handling of the business.The lawyer should choose the best law to govern the contract. The court will founder the law that the parties have chosen provided it is in line with the type of business and that parties have unsloped intentions. There are various laws that govern diverse range of contacts. The lawyer must choose one that favours parties whose businesses are in divergent states .The lawyer will provide professional advice on why u should moderate and leave out some aspects in t he contract. This will stop up flexibility of the contract and easy comprehension.The good will have to describe and expounded in details. You should discuss about quality and quantity of the Woogles together with how and where dispersion would take place (Goldman, Arnold & William 243). Such factors are important to consider because they will ensure efficient head for the hills of the business. This will also help identify the rate of manufacturing which is more effective to ensure constant add together of woggle toys. The quantity and prices here helps in identifying how much the company will make per sale. Now that the buyer will buy 10,000 at a dollar each, it will result to $10,000. The procedures of send the delivery notes and invoices should be include in the discussion. The attorney should also explain any limitation that may be encountered during shipment and when sending delivery notes and invoicesThere are various forms and the lawyer should choose the most preferred. These forms are necessary to ensure that the buyer pays in time

Strategies for Success in the Online Learning Environment Essay

Strategies for Success in the Online Learning Environment - establish ExampleIn online development environment, most communications will be done in pen format (Harvard, 2010). Therefore, every student studying in online environment should be able to communicate with teachers with writing.Another way for students to achieve success in online learning environments is to get perfection in network navigation. As most of the communication between teachers and students is done through internet, so students should be proficient in exploitation different internet applications. Perfection in web navigation is essential in distinguish to participate in online discussions and online quizzes and assignments.Time management is also necessary for online learning students. Students studying in online environments remove to schedule their time properly in order to avoid mismanagement. Time management plays an important position in the success of students because they have to submit quizzes a nd assignments within deadline considering all technological issues, such as, network failure or site overload.Before going into the discussion regarding online learning, let us get a bankrupt understanding of what online learning environment actually is. Online learning refers to the environment where students and teachers communicate with each other using communication technologies, such as, video tapes, television, and internet. Distance learning is a course or program faultless remotely from the school or university which offers the educational opportunity (Rogers, n.d.). Online learning is getting more and more fame these geezerhood because it is proving to be very beneficial for students. It not only helps students manage their studies in accordance with other commitments of life history but also provides a good way to the students to learn independently.To be successful in an online learning environment, a student needs to have some key skills and abilities. There exist a quash of strategies for students to prosper in online learning environments. Some of the main

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Strategic management - Essay moralMore specifically, using the diagram in the Figure 3, Appendix, the steadfasts stakeholders could be categorized as follows a) the Owners should be found at the level of the relevant hierarchy having the strongest interest in the bulletproofs performance, b) the unfluctuatings employees would follow, c) suppliers would also be interested in the unattackables position in its market indicating its ability to continue its cooperation with its suppliers, d) customers would be at the next lower level they would be benefited from the firms performance but only up to the point that they could not identify another(prenominal) firm with similar products and lower prices e) the state would be at the last level of the relevant list the firms performance would be of the essence(predicate) for the state affecting its contributions in the national economy impose paid for the firms profits.The performance of the firm within its market can be different iate under the influence of a series of factors. These factors have been identified and explained using the Pestel Analysis at a next level the industry globalisation drivers are presented at the level that they are related with the firms operational initiatives. In accordance with Neely (2002) the key benefit in the process of deciding what to stones throw appears to lie in the fact that the process forces management teams to be explicit about their priorities (Neely, 2002, p.295). In other words, the identification and the evaluation of key strategic values for the development of corporate activities are quite important for setting the criteria on which the restructuring of the firms strategies will be based.In the PESTEL analysis, the firms trading operations are related to specific factors, the following ones a) Political it refers to the governments strategies regarding the entrepreneurial activity in the specific industry even if in the

Tort of Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Tort of Negligence - Essay ExamplePer say the concept of failure doe not refer to an act. Actually it is a legal concept that tends to define the basic piece of an act so as to prove it to be legally wrong. As per Blyth vs. Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856), Negligence is the default to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. However, once the concept of negligence came within the scope of the slope Tort Law, the next logical and plausible challenge was to decide as to what qualifies to be termed as nondescript care and what was to be the nature and basis of the measure required to decide as to whether an act attached by an individual, organization or a group amounted to negligence. In that context, integrity needs to mention the such(prenominal) famous concept of the man on the Clapham Omnibus. ... The man on the C lapham Omnibus represented a hypothetical person who is in general reasonable and well educated without being qualified exuberant to be called a specialist (Twining 64). The man on the Clapham Omnibus represented the standard of reasoning with which to tidal bore a defendants conduct in an English Law Civil Action for Negligence. The earmark of this concept was that it delineated and put in place a standard for ascertaining and establishing the charges of negligence on a defendant. It established a general standard of care extended of any English citizen while playacting varied aspects of ones personal or professional life. The real beauty of this standard is that it tends to be reasonable yet simple in its approach and tends to bring the legal concept of negligence within the grasp and scope of the so called common man. The very accompaniment that this standard of care does not expect perfection on the part of ascertainers obliterates any possibility on the part of the defend ants to wriggle out of the cargo area of law by resorting to technical jargon and rigmarole. It is also immensely humane and pragmatic in the hotshot that it do recognizes the fact that an average person lacks the foresight to foresee any risk accruing by the dint of ones actions. Still, it is astutely responsible and practical in the sense that it enjoins on the average person the vocation to be ordinarily prudent and careful, without tending to be unexceptionally or unrealistically flawless. There is no denying the fact that even the most virtuoso experts in jurisprudence do tend to overlook and appreciate the sophism and beauty inherent in the concept of the man on the Clapham Omnibus. However, the reality is that this legal patois not only validated the concept

How an ideal life is to be led by men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How an sublime life is to be led by work force - Essay ExampleUltimately, Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics provide incompatible discourses on the different kinds of love, and through Socrates conversation with Diotima, it is concluded that through love, in the purest and most powerful form, men may arrive at the highest good.In Platos symposium, different speeches in praise of Eros was given dear about how great a god he is. Phaedrus began by saying how Eros was a great god, and went on to explain that love, above everything else, is the driving force of man in living a good life. He goes on to justify that love in its superior form, is one wherein a raw sienna is willling to die for another, citing the moorage of Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias, who was willing to die to be able to gain entrance to the underworld to be with her lover (Plato 179c).Pausanias spoke about love of the common and heavenly kind. The common love is that which f every(prenominal)s on ove with the perso nify rather than the mind, and is concerned with merely the sexual act, while the heavenly love is that is free from lust, and is based on fri dismissship and a lifetime together (Plato 180e). Pausanias also claimed that open love is better than secret love. He concludes by saying that love does not come in only one form, and love is neither right nor wrong as well, but only depends on how it is done.Eryximachus approves the dualities presented by Pausanias yet he attempts to appease the physical and spiritual kind of love, and in respect to his profession, cites the human anatomy and physiology as an example. He claims that just like the embody, there are good and healthy elements that need to be satisfied, while there are bad and unhealthy elements that need to be kept away from (Plato 186c).Aristophanes, on the other hand, relates love to the allegory that says that originally, the human being had four legs, four hands, two heads, etc. and that it was just then divided into antheral and female, that is why in love, two people would come together and unite as one body and one soul (Plato 190). Agathon, however, argued that love is from where all things are created.All these arguments eventually lead to the summation of all their arguments that are better said in the encounter of Socrates with Diotima. What Diotima basically preaches is that as there are many a(prenominal) forms of love, it is neither attractive nor good, and is neither ugly nor bad. As such, it does not really follow that what is not beautiful is ugly and that what is not bad is good (Plato 202b). In a nutshell, true happiness is found in true beauty, which is, as the clich goes, in the eyes of the beholder, and is recognized only by the mind. This powerful and purest form of love, consort to Diotima, is the highest form of happiness that which man aims for.If Platos Symposium speaks about happiness in the pursuit of love, Arostitles Nicomahcean Ethics discusses ethics and deserving ness in the pursuit of happiness. The Nichomachean Ethics of Aristotle begins with the premise that every art and every inquiry, and similarly every activity and choice, is thought to aim at some good and for this reason, the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim. (Aristotle 363)Aristotle poses that there are different goods for which different people aim for, yet at the end of it all, it is happines that is being pursued. Furthermore, Aristotle focuses his Nichomachean ethics on virtues and that for a person to be able to succeed in his aims to

Smoking and how to quit it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoking and how to quit it - Essay ExamplePart of quitting smoking successfully is to make the powerful preparations so you wear thint have a relapse. The first action to quitting smoking is to set a quit date. This date should be long enough to give yourself time to mentally prepare yourself astir(predicate) quitting smoking, but should also be within a short period of time so you dont keep procrastinating. The next thing you can do is change the environment that you live in. This is a big part of quitting smoking because our surroundings can remind us about when we used to smoke. some other thing to do is to remember previous times when you tried to quit and thing about what worked hearty and what did not (5 simplified Steps to Quitting). The final thing you can do in preparing to quit smoking can be not feel tempted to take another puff ever again, because this lead bring back memories. The next step to quitting smoking is to find friends and family who will encourage you in your decisiveness to quit. Studies have shown that you have a higher chance of success if you receive help (5 Easy Steps to Quitting).

Davis vs. the Board of County Commissioners of Doa Ana County Essay

Davis vs. the Board of County Commissioners of Doa Ana County - Essay spokespersonThe court concludes that Dona Ana Country deserves to be accountable for negligent referral (misinterpretation) due to positive references. When Herrera got a position as the mental health technician, he was allegedly accused of sex assault by the plaintiff and physically abused female patients. In case an organization provides misleading references that can contribute to the harm of employees in the new job, the jurisdictions have the well(p) to sue that organization for the negligent referral. According to Kohn, Kohn and Colapinto, the court of appeal has the right to judge Steele and Mochen for not taking into considerations the harm caused to the third party and the risk that may be encountered in the end. The government has the laws that protect all employees and the third parties in an organization from any harm imposed upon them. The US departments of Labor and its divisions have varied laws, w hich can shield third parties or employees in the workplace. Cases of negligent or a misinterpretation of any information provided regarding employees that may pose risks to other employees is illegal. Therefore, the court made it real clear that Herrera was not supposed to provide employment reference since he was a former employee at MVH. Therefore, Herrera could have remained silent, but in case he chose to present the reference, the MVH has a duty to present actual information about him. However, since Sleeve and Mochen made a decision of presenting signed written misinterpreted information by omitting Herreras references, they were liable for this action. This is because Herrera could not be trusted as an employee who could deliver effective services as his behaviors could bear worse results thus portraying a bad image to the company. Should it have mattered that the former employers investigation was not able to confirm all of the allegations against Herrera? Explain your ans wer. It should have mattered that the former employers investigation was not able to confirm all the allegations against Herrera because the decision relied upon legal issues. This legal issue places an individual who all deliberately or negligently offers false information to another party for the physical assault,

Economic reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic reports - Essay subjectAccording to Kroenig (2015), while exploring the subject, argues that in 2021, china will have overtaken the United States as the earths largest economy. What is more intriguing is the pro side of meat that the military power which is another important factor when it comes to the issue world supremacy, will follow the economic heft. China will therefore be the strongest country both in terms of military and economy. China boasts having the most spoken language on earth. This has been used to create cohesiveness and encourage economic harvesting. However, the author uses a different approach to address the subject by center on the domestic political institutions. According to Machiavelli, cities expand when everyone stops focusing on the particular goodness of the activities that ar being undertaken. Therefore, the notion that the governments that have representative forms of rule are the ones that can steer extravagant growth is misguided. The idea of Machiavelli can only be achieved in republics such as China.The idea of Chinas rapid economic growth has also been boosted by the view of social scientists who claim that autocracies do not experience smooth economic runs compared to democracies. On top of that, democracies are in a position to access international capital markets and also form strong and reliable alliances that are key in boosting the economy. Therefore basing the argument on that, it is true to say that China has had a smooth economic growth and considering that other super powers seem to have exploited all their efforts and stagnated, it could be the next super power. Democracies are also known to enjoy a built in advantage when it comes to the struggle for global mastery. On a head to head analysis between China and the already stable economies such as the UK and US, one can note that at the time when the latter enjoyed a smooth economic growth, they were experiencing or were having great democracies. A

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation Essay - 5

Forensic Psychology and Criminal investigating - Essay ExampleResearchers such as Harris and Rice are of the perspective that the more conventional talking to therapy psychopaths receive, the more they are able to hone their skills of manipulation, deceit (Patrick, 2006). Consequently, the probability of future risk offending accelerates as psychopaths are already more susceptible to violence and offences over a longer span of beat than non-psychopaths. A retrospective study carried out in 2011 revealed escalated criminal recidivism after customary psychopathy sermons. semiempirical studies have even revealed that treatments suited for other offenders arsehole actually prove detrimental for psychopaths (McMurran, Egan, & Ahmadi, 1998). This point can be understood by considering the fact that psychopaths are categorically dissimilar from other offenders. They have no impairment or wrong that can be fixed by therapy or clinical treatments. Instead, they flourish an evolutionari ly viable life strategy based on manipulation, cheating, callousness, and the like traits.Personality disorders encompass symptoms that tend to be rigid, inflexible, and maladaptive thus making it nearly impossible to treat a person completely. Harris and Rice express there is hardly any evidence of a complete cure or effectual treatment for psychopaths. This is because no medicine can instil emotions such as empathy, sympathy and the like. In fact, some look even demonstrated that punitive measures and behaviour modification methodologies have no impact on amend the metal state of psychopaths (Patrick, 2006)Likewise, Hervey Cleckley also is of the view that psychopaths neither benefit from the treatment and nor are capable of entering into emotional relations that are a pre-requisite for effective therapy. The clinical literature is equally pessimistic on the subject (Cleckley, 1982). For now, the best available literature advocates that effective management and intervention ca n come by applying social learning

Tower of london Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

brood of london - analyze ExampleIt has also served as a historic landmark in England because it was the venue of the execution of trio of the past queens of the land. The Tower distich over is a symbol of technological and economic superiority of the side of meat civilization, besides cosmos a historical landmark. The Tower bridge circuit stands strong today, and it is expected to continue being a symbolic complex body part in London. This paper reviews the technological and economic significance of the Tower Bridge of London.The technology used to develop the Tower Bridge of London surpasses many in the 19th Century. The Tower Bridge was constructed to ease traffic across the Thames because London was crowding owing to population increase. Unlike another(prenominal) constructions, the authorities in London took more than eight years to design the structure. Their goal was not altogether to develop a bridge that would solve the issues of traffic in crossing the Thames, b ut a structure that would stand the test of time. They wanted to develop a bridge that would be used for centuries. Horace Jones and John Wolfe Barry were the promise architects for the bridge, and they completed the design in 1894. The framework of the Tower Bridge of London was made of 11,000 tons of steel. The bridge is 265 meters long, and it was designed in a Victorian gothic architecture. One of the most intriguing aspects of the Tower Bridge of London is the movable bridge. The bridge splits into two and is raised mechanically to accommodate the passage of large boats caput to the harbor. The bridge was contracted very close to the harbor, and this brought the challenge of building it too high to accommodate the boats, but the designers came up with the moveable bridge technology. The technology remains viable to date because larger vessels have been positive and they cruise through the moveable bridge very safely. The movable bridge was initially powered by steam power. T he steam was used to create sufficient pressure to pump

The Art of Jepanese Buddhist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Art of Jepanese Buddhistic - Essay ExampleBuddhist art originated from Indian subcontinents, with contact from opposite cultures all over Asia and passage of time. The art spread rapidly to other move of Asia and into Japan (Kim 267). We are going to use images of Buddha from the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art in our university. This paper aims at explaining the introduction of Buddhist art and development that come up along as a result of Buddhism in Japan. As verbalize above, Buddhist art owes its origin to the Indian subcontinent, the Buddhist religion and art thought to have come from China into Japan through the Korean peninsula. The Buddhist art encouraged by prince Shotoku and emperor Shomu in Seiko (6th cytosine). This period overly known as Nara period and was during the eighth century. This period in conjunction with Heian and Kamakura byword Buddhist art grow to a great extent. Several ceremonies accompanied this period, Nara, one of the most illustrious eye o pening ceremony performed by the Japanese, at that time always accompanied by a sumptuous vegetarian banquet during the fourth of 752 for the Birushana. This ceremony is commonly known as Great Buddha of Todai-ji. These ceremonies get conducted in front of an icon with flowers, incense and candles. As long as the eye opening ceremony had not been performed on the carved woods, these icons got regarded as inanimate wooden substances or plants Heian period then followed. During the early stages of Heian period, architecture and Buddhist art significantly influenced the traditional Shinto humanistic discipline and Hindu art. This resulted into Buddhist painting suitable fashionable especially among the affluent Japanese. Kamakura period saw to the blossoming of the rudes Buddhist cutting which owes its origin greatly to the works of Heian period. Buddhist art seems diverse, bold and creative. The period after 13th century saw a changeover to Zen art from orthodox Buddhist art (Jos eph 652). This philosophy introduced into the country via Dogen and Eisai on the return journey from China. Hosts of several unique pottery and paintings showing their desire to unravel the admittedly meaning of life can still be found belonging to that time. Art forms like soldierly arts and Ikebana also came up during that period. The Amida sect of the religion availed the foundation for many famous artworks. Buddhist arts gained popularity among several citizens as they fell in love with the scroll paintings, paintings of Buddhas, paintings applied in worship, hell and other religious themes. While under the Zen, sect portraitures of holy priests such as Bodhi dharma also gained popularity in accompaniment to Sumi-e brush painting and scroll calligraphy. The popularity of Buddhist arts led to an increase in the number of Buddhists Temples to ab bulge 80,000 Temples in Japan, majority of these Buddhists Temples being made from wood. This compelled the Buddhists to carry out mas sive restoration in order to preserve the holy Temples. The arrival of Buddhism into Japan played a significant role in the Buddhist art, its introduction from a Korean kingdom known as Paekche (Charles 232) as part of a series of diplomatic exchanges that perpetuated into a wider awareness of the material cultures and beliefs of Korea and China. Further heathenish exchanges during the 6th and 7th centuries brought not only a writing system (using Chinese characters), but also a religion consequently, this led to a highly refined material culture and a cultivate

Changing of International Order in the Last Century Essay

Changing of International Order in the Last Century - Essay ExampleThis paper argues that changes in externalististic order were in a way that people attained more rights and powers over their day to day life, and states improved their international relations. In the first section, the paper will address various concepts of international order. Subsequent sections will discuss factors contributed to the international order change over the culture century. International order changes Historically, it is observed that worldwide countries depend on each other for trading activities, technological and education progress, and infrastructure development. The emergence of globalisation greatly contributed to change magnitude interaction in the midst of global countries. Scholars opine that the concept of international order creates a link between economical and political dimensions as political stability significantly influences a countrys economic landscape. Generally, concepts of i nternational order give specific focus to states and consider war as a lively evil to be exorcised. Evidently, wars can make notable changes to the international order. One widespread notion of international order equates order with international stability, that is, stable, predictable and controlled relations between states, in which turbulence, chaos and violence be largely (though not necessarily completely) absent (Maull, 2005, p.94). ... To illustrate, the constructivism theory connected the evolution of international order to international relations. As discussed earlier, wars can have a great influence on the international order. Evidently, the World wars I & II notably changed the international order. Although the World War I was considered the War to End All Wars, it instantly led to World War II. These two World Wars significantly fuelled the international order changes over the bear century. Many authors opine that the interwar period was characterised with radical c hanges in the international order and it observed notable changes in the balance of power approach that had existed in the pre-World War I Europe. According to Ikenberry (2008), the World Wars led to the orgasm of the American era which in turn contributed to the formation of post-World War II international order. Throughout the post-World War II international order, an American dominance has been evident. Significant changes in the international order over the die hard century can be attributed to many structural changes in the global context and other global developments. Evidently, changes in the Soviet Union and Europe were a prime cause for international order changes occurred during the last century. The changes in East-West relations emerged over the last century could be directly ascribed to Soviet Union, specifically the presidential term exercised by Gorbachev. Sociologists point out that domestic reforms including perestroika and glasnost executed by Gorbachev and Sovi et foreign policy untested thinking markedly contributed to the development of a new international order. It is an undisputed fact that

Leadership Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership Discussion - Essay Exampleanization, a leader bear challenge the answer by first diagnosing all possible causes of a known process problem so that the same does not hinder success of new ones. Banks always use byplay analysts to help capture the current processes in the banks and what the external environment feels about them. With such audits, it is pretty uncomplicated to make actionable conclusions on whether to make modifications on the existing process of coming up with a new one. In challenging the process, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, a leader mustiness witness the interrelations and integration that exist among all the data documents. This is critical in the challenging process because it provides tangible culture on the patterns and the necessity for change.Success demands first hand involvement, and that is why most experts say, If you want something done right, do it yourself. Being involved is a sure roadmap to freedom because decisions are made depending on the situations, capabilities, expertise, and objectives. However, as a leader, it is admirable if you empower employees to handle tasks under little or no supervision. To make it a success, however, leaders must be willing to help the subordinates in cases where procedures are complex or decision qualification is critical.Being a leader requires a will more than being a manager. Challenging processes hap room for creativity, detachment from the old fashion norms, and keeps the organization streamlined to the mission, vision, and goals. However, to make it a success, leaders must be involved in ensuring everything done is as per the requirements. Direct interaction with subordinates, getting involved in the processes, and making tangible decisions is a sure way to overcome

The Plantation Mistress by Catherine Clinton Essay

The Plantation Mistress by Catherine Clinton - Essay ExampleThis time marks one of the darkest periods in the history of America, therefore, confessions by these women in their diaries and memoirs represents sincere events concerning their tribulations. These women typify noneworthy character and mental inflexibleness in that they are able to withstand the tribulations and tough times during that slavery period (Clinton 50). Clinton has illustrated m any(prenominal) specifics in the Plantation Mistress. For example, the matter of cousin marriage has been depict in detail. From early in life, cousins had a close association and relationship. This continued even after they degage geographically, and these close relationships continued throughout the life of the cousins. The principal reason for these close associations was that children within the plantations were isolated from the comfort of the community, and as they were growing up, they did not meet other people apart from tho se in their kinship ties (Clinton, 67). This was the aforesaid(prenominal) with older ladies, who only associated closely with men that were closely related to them. These associations and marriage between cousins had its benefits as it ensured that attribute and wealth was retained within the family alliance. It further expanded kinship ties between closely related families. Therefore, characters that unspoiled this form of marriage impress me since they were involved in anomalous affairs, but these affairs were of benefit to them in the end. These characters viewed life as an experience of enriching oneself and ensuring that wealth is retained within the family tree. This may have been viewed as an abnormal thing by the surrounding society, but those who took part in marriage with their cousins did not mind what society did. Whatever they did, they did it to the benefit of their close family members (Gerster & Cords 78). Clinton covers another specific topic in child ances te st and rearing. Characters especially mothers in the novel greatly celebrated whenever children were born. All families celebrated during this time period, but young-bearing(prenominal) babies were discriminated against greatly. Therefore, giving births to a female person baby was a disappointment because Southerners who did not have sons were threatened with quenching in their inheritance and family name. Only sons were allowed to carry on with the family traditions and use the family name. However, some women in the novel did not allow to be discriminated by society by virtue of their giving birth to daughters only. These women soldered on contempt the prejudicial treatment that they received from the surrounding society (Clinton, 89). Regardless of their mistreatment, these women still managed to raise their female babies until they grew up. To any reader, these women can be regarded as heroes since they managed to weather the storm of gender discrimination and go on with thei r lives. This is grave because currently, gender discrimination is on the rise, and women empowerment by brave women has ensured that prejudicial treatment of women has been toned down. The women that Clinton describes in the novel who managed to soldier on despite the prejudicial society that surrounded them represent the present women who try to advocate for women empowerment so that gender balance is created (Gerster & Cords 84). In the Plantation Mistress, we learn that female education began to rise tremendously toward the end of the eighteenth century. From this, a new nation was born and Southerners and in the altogether Englanders promoted education of females in their respective

Developing a Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives Term Paper

Developing a Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives - Term Paper Exampletatement and it points out the principles and attitudes that guide end making, then the health centers philosophy should examine We recognize the needs of our poor and diverse community and gallop give care reverential of our clients traditions, culture, economic status, and religious conviction. According to Kenny (2012, p. 43), In practice, governingal targets are what the organization wants from its trace stakeholders. The major stakeholders of Mountain View Health Center include patients, the community, and community based organizations (Laureate Education, 2013b). In this respect, the objective should read To create a health care delivery system that encourages and supports high quality and low-priced care to the community and migrant workers. On the basis of the needs of the community and migrant workers, the goal should read To recognize electronic medical records as a fundamental factor that could impr ove health care quality at lower costs.In terms of insights, I have learnt that achieving projected outcomes is dependent on the way goals and objectives are formulated and implemented. This is due to the fact philosophy, goals, and objectives of an organization provides direction (Lorenzi, 2011). In other words, the organization is able to order areas to direct resources as well as attention in order to acquire the intended results. In a nutshell, organizational philosophies, goals, and objectives guides the decision making process as it helps the organization identify where to direct

Marketing scenario Essay Example for Free

Marketing scenario EssayIntroductionPositioned as an premium offering focused to concluding overall cost to end users through superior overall exploit.Leader in eccentric , performance and scientific innovationProduct linesCarton sealing and industrial entersSpecialized adhesivesOther packaging convergencesK2 tape Manufactured using patented technology and a tag break for pressure sensitive cartonful sealing tapeVery high tensile strength and sheer resistancePositioning amply valueK2 ProductsLow QualityHigh QualityIpackTensileNew ProductLow PriceProblem Statement K2 tape competed against inferior saving grade products in carton sealing fictitious character IPACK offered 25-35% lesser price Revenue of K2- . 6 million IPACK $28.5 million in 2012 Tensile a stark naked competitor had $2.7 million dollar sale with one gross sales representativeShould PST stay with high feeling product or enter the economy grade segment ?Option 1 Enter the economy gradesegment under t he same brandPROSAccess to the economy segmentDefend commercialize share against competitionDiversification of product portfolioCONSDilution of the brand image as a maker oftechnological superior productCannibalization of its own product offeringCluttered product lineOption 2 Enter the economy grade segmentunder different brandImplications forPROSCONS customer Ability to effect need of price sensitivecustomers Possibility of change in perception ofbeing a quality leader electrical distributor Possibility to offer a low end PSTproduct Even wider product range Limitedsales forceSales Force Ability to offer more chassis in terms ofprice levels More effort to explain productdifferencesBrand No absolute impact Negative impact on brand imageOption 2 Stay with high-quality productsImplications forPROSCONSCustomer Maintaining image of qualityLeader Loss of Market share Not targetingprice sensitive consumersDistributor No need for adjustment indistribution policy Low-price offer only fr omcompetitor not from PSTSales Force Consistent and easy productquality No ability to offer source for pricesensitive customerBrand Consistent overall brand image No disconfirming impactRecommendationPST should enter the economy grade segmentNEW BRAND New name (unrelated to PST) to avoid negative impact on brand image Marketed completely independentPRODUCT pitch Development and launch of two new products to compete with Tensile Competitive pricing strategy (similar to Tensile) wear MARKET Make use of well established distribution network Offer economy equivalents for RD-48 RDS-72 victory FACTORS There is a projected growth in demand (e.g. packaging segment 2.2%) PST has an established sales force and distribution network in the tape market There is a lack of brand loyalty of price sensitive customers (switching to PSTs new brand) There was suitable equipment and capacity for quick production diffusion Plan Distribution through existing network for faster brand growth Hire more s ales people to increase service quality sales in PSTs tape business

Great response from Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

Great answer from Arthur miller EssayThe melting pot was written in 1953, by Arthur miller. Miller has said that the purpose of the process is to input signal on the parallels between the unfair Salem Witch trials and the Red Sc atomic number 18 that lasted eight years 1948-1956. A Crucible is a large container that is used in the production of steel, where they atomic number 18 heated until they melt. A Crucible can stand extremely high temperatures. This is a direct comment on what the play is ab step up. Arthur Miller provided an artistic response to the political climate and he wrote to tackle certain issues such as intimidation. under(a) McCarthyism, the United States was afraid of communisms influence.McCarthyism came from Senator posterior McCarthy, who set out to find any threats to the American life and their security. Anybody pretend of communism, mainly those in the entertainment industry, either confessed and gave names of other people or the American organ isation blacklisted them. Miller, in the entertainment industry, who was protecting his business and friends from any negative outlook it gave, refused to testify to the Committee and was blacklisted. McCarthyism has a great likeness to the play The Crucible. In both situations people only wishing to surrender themselves incorrectly accuse many people who suffer. toilet and Elizabeth Proctor dont have a normal husband and wife relationship, although they argon married. They are distant with one another. Their relationship is full of suspicions and clearly has a lack of send What keeps you so late? is an accusation. Elizabeth really means what have you been doing or where have you been to keep you so late. The stance of their relationship is tested. washbasin tries to please Elizabeth but she cannot forget her suspicions. John explains to her I have not move from there to there without I think to please you, and still an everlasting funeral marches around you heart.This shows that John feels guilt. John Proctor is an honest man. We hold back this through the way he acts and what he says. John full treatment hard to provide for his family. He has a good clean name in the village and is swell up respected. However, when the hysteria begins, he wonders whether to expose Abigail for what she really is, even though his name will be ruined. We see that he truly loves Elizabeth when he confesses lechery in order to protect his wife.The audience are drawn to John Proctor. He is one of few people in the play to be truthful throughout, along with rarefied John Hale. Elizabeth is also an honest person. She is a good Christian woman and acts the way shes supposed to as a wife and mother. However, sometimes she can be very cold. She, along with many others, is accused of witchcraft simply because she fired Abigail when she suspected that her and John were attracted to one another and didnt want it to go any further. scour though she has suspected John of lechery and is distant towards him, we know that she deeply loves him.Hale is called into Salem to find out what is going on. He seems a respectful man and gives everyone a chance to prove his or her innocence. He is sort of the plays saviour or hero.We get to know Abigail Williams through her language and what other characters say. We see that she has personnel over the other girls and just how far she will go to protect herself, especially in comport 1 I have seen some reddish work done at night and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go downAbigail leads the girls in accusing impec money box people of witchcraft. Abigail saw the Indians murder her parents. This could have had an affect on the way Abigail is and how she acts. I think that she is able-bodied to threaten danger to the girls partly because of her childhood and what she has seen. In Act 3, Abigail shows her power by the way she speaks to Danforth in the courtroom. She even threatens him, saw that the Hell ca n take him Let you beware, Mr. Danforth Beware of it After realising what she has said, she immediately pretends she is in another trance and can see things. This is to allow her to get away with what she has said and so Danforth cant reply to her.There is a great change from Act 1 to Act 3 with regards to hysteria. In Act 1, the girls accuse a few names and they tell just enough lies to protect themselves. Abigail and John Proctor take a gentle lighthearted approach to it in Act 1 and they jest and joke nearly it. However, in Act 3 it becomes much more serious. They tell a monolithic amount of lies and act to make their story believable. Act 3 starts straight away with hysteria. The audience are aware of the gradual build-up because of the characters dialogue. As the play moves further along, the plot thickens as more names are thrown into it and even more unbelievable acting takes place with more and more lies being told.In Act 3, bloody shame Warren tries to go against the gir ls with the friend of John Proctor in order to save Elizabeth and the other innocents. Mary Warren is already a weak and feeble character and when Danforth questions and speaks to her, he uses unrelenting vocabulary to fade her. It is obvious that he is on the girls side and doesnt believe a word of what Mary Warren is saying. The girls then accuse Mary Warren of witchcraft. Then she sees that she cannot tell the real truth and thrash the girls lies so she decides to rejoin the girls. To protect herself she accuses John of making her go against the girls and tell lies to them by threatening her.The peg directions in this act build up tension. They add to the drama and the way the girls convincingly act. The stage directions are just as important as the speech. They let us know what is going on and help us understand the characters more. The language also builds up tension. There is a lot of talk about God in the courtroom. Also, there is a lot of landting each other off. Abigai l always tends to cut off Danforth from speaking, so he cant respond to her, this also shows her power. It is almost like Abigail is speaking and saying things just to stop anyone else from doing so.Personally, I really like the play. I think its a great response from Arthur Miller. There is a mixture of characters and its interesting to see how they interact with one another. I like the play partly because its a true story and I was interested in finding out what happened.

The Biological Approach Essay Example for Free

The biologic Approach EssayOne of the most perplexing issues in psychology is understanding the relationship amidst the take c ar and the brain. We all(prenominal) recognize that we reserve conscious aw atomic number 18ness of our surroundings, and excessively of ourselves (self-aw argonness). It is this experience which has normally been draw as the mind. But what is the basis of the mind? Is it the expression of a non- corporeal soul, or is it a p magnetic poleuct of sensible do workes within our body? Philosophers and scientists have been pondering this question for centuries. Explaining the nature of consciousness (that is, the mind) was regarded by William pack (one of the not bad(p) pioneers of psychology) as the most challenging question for psychology to resolve. Today, a hundred years by and by James made that comment, the challenge still exists.Physiological Foundations of BehaviorUnderlying questions close mind and brain are a heel of basic assumption s. Most physiological lookers today are materialists, who percolate both way and consciousness as simply the product of physiological actes. In essence, the brain is the mind. Thus, the task is to identify the structures and processes which declare conscious awareness. Among those who take this approach are James Watson (co-discoverer of DNA) and Dominic Domasio. Both are engaged in research aimed at supporting this view, and their work has drawn public attention. (See references below.) Arrayed against this stance are a number of opponents, who argue the issue on variant grounds. Some physiological detectives have adopted a neo-Cartesian position, fieldion that consciousness (and therefore the mind) is not localized in any brain structure, and can therefore not be unequivo birdsongy proven to be purely physical in nature. Among these are John Eccles, an uplifted British researcher, and the late Wilder Penfield, a pioneering Canadian neurosurgeon.Another approach to the is sue comes from those who connect mind to the signified of self. This idea also has Cartesian overtones, since the self is closely associated with the notion of a soul in traditional thought. While many variants exist, the basic argument is that the self is a phenomenological construction, which is both in insistent flux, and yet experienced as an on-going identity. In this view, the mind/self may rise be a product of physiological processes, further it is no more substitutable with the underlying structures than a building is synonymous with its builder. Roger Sperry, a pioneer in the study of hemispheric specialization, has described consciousness as an emergent process of the braina product of the whole, whose properties cannot be explained simply by studying the underlying structures. At present, of course, the debate cannot be resolvedthe answer to William James century-old question continues to elude us.Studying Mind and Brain The Use of Case StudiesOne of the earlier meth ods used to explore the workings of the brain was the leveled analysis of clinical patientstypically individual(a)s who had suffered nearly type of physical trauma. Such causal agency studies have often led to remarkable insights. For example, Pierra Broca in 1861 was able to identify an study of the brain involved with speech production (now called Brocas area) based on studying an individual who for more than xxx years had suffered a fundamental language defect he could understand spoken language, and could make various sounds, but could not produce coherent speech. Based on his behavioral observations and an anatomic analysis after the patient died, Broca concluded that speech condenser is located in the third convolution of the anterior lobe of the go forth hemisphere.This represented a dramatic advance in physiological understandingforming a direct connection amid the structure of the brain and behavior. In addition, Broca saw the broader implications of his analysis, asserting that all behavior can be associated to some specific mechanism/structure in the braina concept called localization of function. Over time, researchers have used slickness studies to gather further support for this principle. Today, other techniques have provided new ways to study the functions of the brain, but case studies still provide insights, as well as fascinating reading.The Case of Phineas low-downOne of the known clinical cases involved a dramatic injury to an unfortunate railroad worker, Phineas Gage. One day in 1848, he was working on track construction near Cavendish, Vermont. While Gage was placing an explosive charge, a spark of metal against rock set off the charge, sending a long metal tamping rod flying upwards. The rod entered Gages head just below the left eye, and exited from the tob of his skull, somewhat forward of left center. Remarkably, Gage survived (though he was blinded in his left eye). Even more remarkably, his behavior changed dramatical ly. Whereas Gage had previously been openhearted and responsible, he became erratic, and given to terrible fits of temper.Sadly, he spent his remaining years wandering around the get together States, displaying the hole in his skull and the iron rod which had brought him such grief. Gages story has been a source of endless trance ever since. (His skull, and the iron rod, are still on display in the Harvard Medical School museum.) minded(p) the pathway of the rod through his head, it would seem that the injury extensively damaged the association areas of the left frontal lobe. The behavioral changes, especially in emotionality, have been used as evidence that this region is involved in the expression of emotion. (A view seconded by advocates of frontal lobotomies in the 1940s and 50s.)Drugs and BehaviorAs discussed in the text, mind-altering drugs affect behavior by affecting queasy activity. Drugs may do this in various ways (for example, mimicing a natural neurotransmitter, o r altering its normal function and metabolism), and many drugs affect a signifier of varied types of neurons in various parts of the brain. Consequently, it can be difficult to pinpoint precisely how a drug works. This is one reason new drugs must go through extensive laboratory and clinical testing before they are approved for public use.The difficulties are further compounded when dealing with extracurricular drugs, sell on the street. Because there is no mechanism for quality control, users may receive drugs of varying authorisation and purityand in some cases, what is sold is not even what it is claimed to be. (For example, a combination of strychnine and milk powder has been sold as heroin, and various substances have been sold as MDMA or ecstasy.) Consequently, street drugs pose deuce concerns the effects of the drug (including long-term effects) may not be well understood, and the risks associated with taking something whose true content is uncertain. Note that these conc erns have nothing to do with moral attitudes towards drug use they represent practical concerns about the use of illicit psychoactive drugs.Genetics and BehaviorEarlier this year, researchers announced that the mapping of the human genome, is nearing completion, at least in preliminary form. In many ways, this represents one of the greatest feats in the history of acquisition for one thing, our genetic makeup is extraordinarily conglomerate, being composed of some 100,000 genes made up of millions of individual amino acids. At an even deeper level, identifying our genes poses the possibility of understanding what mapping genetics plays in our behavior.The debate mingled with nativists, who study that behavior is fundamentally innate, and environmentalists, who believe our behavior is shaped by our experiences, goes back to ancient times. (As Approaches to psychology notes, it has been argued that the first known psychology experiment, in ancient Babylon, was concerned with whe ther language was innate or learned.) Today, a wide variety of techniques are used to explore the issues of heredity one of the most recent has been the employment of evolutionary theory to try to understand how catching behaviors may have originated, called evolutionary psychology. (Of course, this assumes that behavior is inherited to begin with)Applying the Concepts Sensory ProcessesAs noted in Chapter 1, the process of perception starts with stimulation of our senses our understanding of the origination starts with what our senses tell us. Yet how do our senses handle the the diverse types of stimuli we experience so that the brain can process the information we receive? While many details are still not fully understood, it is feasible to describe the the general nature of sensory processinga process that is both complex and remarkable. The basic challenge for the sickish system is to translate the information represented by sensory stimuli into neural signalsa process call ed transduction. Each of our senses is knowing to respond to different types of stimuli light for vision, sound waves for hearing, odor molecules for smell, and so on. In order to handle this diversity, to distributively one of our five senses uses different types of receptors, each specialized to process a different type of input signal. For example, there are receptors for touch that respond to pressure against the skin, and different receptors that respond primarily to heat or cold.The receptors are the input for sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Sensory neurons in turn connect to neurons in the aboriginal nervous system (CNS), forming specialized neural pathways for each of the five senses. This specialization is both practical and necessary, but it does produce an interesting consequencein essence, the pathways for each sense are designed to convey information related to that sense expressive style, regardless of what triggered the activity. That is, the sensations we experience depend on the pathway stimulated, not the form of the stimulation. A German researcher named Johannes Mller first noted this in the 1830s, calling it the law of specific nerve energies. Thus, if you close your chapeau and press gently on your eye with your finger, you will see spots of lightthe result of the pressure producing randomise activation of receptors rather than light reaching the receptors on your retina. In the end, what we know about the world depends on the characteristics of our senses as much as it does on what is out there While Mllers law suggests that sometimes our senses can mislead us, in everyday life, sensory processing is remarkably reliable and adaptable.For example, our retina has a complex structure which includes three types of cone receptors, maximally sensitive to three different wavelengths (and therefore colors) of light, as well as narrower rod receptors which are optimized for functioning in very low levels of light (as in dark vision). These receptors are in turn affiliated to two further layers of cells, called bipolar cells and ganglion cells. The cells within the retina are connected in complex ways that enhance contrast and detection of boundaries in turn, the axons of the ganglion cells form the optic nerve, which relays optic information for further visual processing. (For more information about the eye, and a self-quiz, see the web rank maintained by optometrist Ted Montgomery.) Hearing is mediated by cells in the inner ear which have fine filaments sensitive to mechanical vibration, called hair cells. Normally, sound waves (vibration) are transmitted through the air to the tympanic membrane (ear drum), then via the bones of the middle ear (which are arranged in way which provides the capacity to amplify or dampen the intensity of the vibrations) to the cochlea of the inner ear. The shape of the cochlea, along with the structure of the hair cells, allows different cells to be maximally se nsitive to different frequenciesa basic feature of our sense of hearing.For touch, as noted, receptors of different types are distributed across our body in a non-uniform wayfor example, the density of touch receptors is much greater on our fingertips and lips than it is on our back or upper thighs. The sensory nerves for touch are the only sense mode which link to the spinal cord as the entry point to the central nervous system the pathways for all the other senses go directly from receptors (sensory neurons) to the brain. (In the case of vision, the retina itself is in fact a combination of sense receptors and cells which are properly considered part of the central nervous system.) Taste and smell are generally grouped together, because of their role as chemical sensesthat is, they function by detecting the presence of particular molecules, rather than types of energy. They are also related in terms of their importance in relation to our experience of food much of what we call es say is actually a response to smell. For example, try the following experiment with a friend In advance, cut a slice of apple and a slice of onion (but dont let the person see them). Blindfold the person, and then ask them to bite the apple, while simultaneously holding the onion close to their nose.Because the cereal of the two is similar, the odor of the onion will overwhelm the actual taste of the appleand your friend is likely to believe youve given them a slice of onion to eat Beyond such generalities, it turns out that smell and taste are extremely complex current evidence suggests that there are different types of receptors within each of these senses, and that the pattern of response to different stimuli are the basis of experiencing different smells and odors (somewhat analogous to the way cone receptors are the basis of color vision). Beyond the receptors, sensory information travels along specialized pathways within the brain. A major(ip) relay point for these pathways i s the thalamus en route to the cortex.Remarkably, despite the transformation of the sensory signal into a neural signal, and the routing through a series of connections within the CNS, the information which reaches the cortex typically preserves significant detail about the nature, location, and timing of the stimulus. (For example, one can identify where on the body a touch stimulus occurred, the order in which sounds occurred, etc.) In the cortex, as noted in the text, sophisticated processing occurs, in regions whose functions are dedicated to sensory processing. (Primary locations are the occipital lobe for vision, temporal lobe for hearing, parietal lobe for touch, and frontal lobe for some aspects of taste and smell.) In turn, this information is integrated across senses, and with memories of past experiences, to produce our perceptions of the world. Simple, isnt it?

How Can Civic Education Enhances Civil Society Essay Example for Free

How Can civil Education Enhances Civil Society EssayCivic direction is very essential to each and any citizen in a urbane high hostel. Therefore it must be notice satisfactory. Civic nurture contributes to the strong-being of order of magnitude. This presentment is aimed at discussing how civic information can enhance nearly-mannered society. The key concepts in this presentation ar civic education and complaisant society. Therefore it is important to know the meaning of these two lines. Civic education is the field of study dealing with rights and responsibilities of citizenship as well as the responsibilities of the government. It deals with the commitment, assumptions, value and challenges of the national and civil society at large (Mwaipaya 1980). A Civil society is a public place mingled with the states the commercialise and the ordinary household, in which plurality debate and tackles action. Civic education enhances civil society in many an(prenominal) ways, as one of the brokers is civic cognition which it imparts in the citizen of the civil society.If the civil society are certain of their rights and if they know what to do it is very easy for them to participate in various activities of the civil society. Civic education imparts knowledge on democracy among the citizen of the civil society democracy simply means a dialogue, a discussion, and a deliberative solve in which citizen engage themselves in question about civic knowledge same(p) what are the foundation of that particular civil society, and if the civil society volition expect knowledge on democracy issues it will improve. Hence this knowledge about democracy can precisely be imparted to the civil society done civic education and by doing so it is enhancing the needs of a civil society (Brookers etal 1980). Civic education also enhances civil society in terms of democracy because it is through civic education that we know and explain to others on how democracy acts and depends on certain basic values like respect for individual, the right to participate in the implementation of politics and schooling programmes, therefore if people in a civil society have knowledge about these rights and responsibilities, the civil society will be improved.Civic education can enhance the civil society because of its civic skills, if citizens are able to exercise their rights and discharge their responsibilities as members of self-importance-governing communities, they are only need to acquire relevant bright and participatory skills, when we say intellectual skills these are essential for informed, effective and inseparable citizen from content, to be able to opine critically about contemporary relevance as well as command of a company of an intellectual tools or considerations useful in dealing with such an issue. Hence if the society will have civic skills it will automatically be enhanced and there will be quick development in that particular civi l society (Z.C.E.A, 2004). Another intellectual skill which good civic education fosters is that of describing. The ability to describe functions and processes such as legislative checks and balances or judicial review is indicative of understanding, describing trends like participation in civil life, immigration or employment helps the citizens fit current events into longer term pattern (Patterson, 2001).Civic education seeks to develop competence in explaining and analyzing issues, if citizen can explain how something should determine, they will be able to analyze things as the components and consequences of ideals, social, political or economic processes and institutions. The ability to analyze enables one to list between facts and opinion or between means and ends. It also helps the citizen to clarify responsibilities such as those between personal and public responsibilities or those between elected or appointed officials and citizens, therefore this can only happens if peop le in a civil society have civil skills and by having these skills in a civil society means that civic education is doing its job of enhancing the civil society (African Development confide Achieving Millennium Development Goals in Global poverty, 2002).Furthermore, civic education enhances civil society through the component of civic skills, in such a way that education for citizenship in a democratic society focuses on civic skills that are required for informed, effective and responsible participation in the political process and in civil society, those skills can be categorized as interacting, monitoring and influencing. Interacting pertains to the skills citizen need to communicate and to work cooperatively with others. To interact is to be responsive to ones fellow citizens, to interact is to question, to answer and to mensurable with civility, therefore if people be able to interact and question others toward certain common good the civil society will be enhanced. Monitoring politics and government simply refers to the skills citizens need to track the use of issues by the political process and by the government. Monitoring also means the exercising of over circle functions on the part of citizens.Finally the participatory skill of influencing refers to the capacity to affect the process of politics and governance, twain the formal processes of governance in the community (Mwaipaya, 1986). Civic education can improve and enhance our civil society through the component of civic dispositions essential traits of snobby and public character. This is important to the maintenance and utility of constitutional democracy. Civic dispositions, like civic skills, develop slowly overtime and as a way out of what one learns and experience in the home, school and organizations of civil society. These experiences should engender understanding that democracy requires the responsible self -governance of each individual worth and their dignity. One cannot exist wi thout the other.Traits of private character such as chaste responsibility, self -discipline and respect for the worth and human dignity of every individuals are no less consequential. such traits as public spiritedness, civility, and respect for the rule of law, critical mindedness to listen, negotiate and compromise are indispensible to democracy advantage (Patterson, 2001). Civic education can enhance civil society due to civic dispositions that contribute to the political efficiency of the individual, the healthy functioning of the political system, a sense of dignity and worthy as well as the common good were identified in national standards for civics and government. In the interest of brevity, these dispositions are private and public character might be described as becoming an independent member of the society, assumptive the personal, political and economic responsibilities of a citizen, respecting individual worth and human dignity (respecting others and listen to their opinions).Also dynamic in civil affairs in a thoughtful and effective manner as well as promoting the healthy functioning of constitutional democracy (Todaro etal 2009) Therefore, it can be noted that civic dispositions as a component or the habits of the heart , the traits of the public and private character that under-greed democracy are in the long run, probably of more consequence than the knowledge or skills a citizen may command (Z.C.E.A, 2004). In conclusion, civil society can be enhanced by civic education through its components (civic knowledge, civic skills and civic dispositions). Civic education is therefore very important to the lives of citizens in a civil society and it must be noticeable.

Nursing Education and Competency Essay Example for Free

nurse Education and Competency try onNursing Education and CompetencyThe purpose of this paper is to explore the different paths of learning to become a registered shield. Specially, to examine the educational tracks of the Associate Degree retain and the Baccalaureate Degree nurse. The question at cut into is how do these educational paths differ in the level of competency? First, I will show the distinction in educational structure and then examine how these relate to the competency of the nurse following issue of each program. The Associate Degree in c ar for came about during the 1950s in an effort to flake a care for shortage in the Unites States following World War II. An Associate Degree nursing program is a biennial program that is typically affordable and offered at a junior or community college. The focus of this program is on the basic intuitions and theoretical and clinical courses related to the practice of nursing (Potter Perry, 2005, p. 16). It prep ares the student for competent technical bedside nursing in secondary care settings (Cresia Friberg, 2011, p. 33). Following completion of the two-year program, the student is pensionable to take the NCLEX-RN (National Council Licensure Examination) and can achieve a license as a registered nurse.The graduation exercise Baccalaureate Degree in nursing was established in the United States at the University of Minnesota in 1909 (Cresia Friberg, 2011, p. 25). It consists of a four-year program on a university or college campus with a larger financial attachment. There are typically two old age of general education requirements followed by two years of upper-level nursing education courses. In addition to the basic science, theory and clinical education the program include courses in community and public health, beginning question, management and leadership (Cherry Jacob, 2005, p. 81). It prepares the student to become a professional nurse generalists for acute care settings, com munity- shewd practice, and beginning leadership/management positions (Cresia Friberg, 2011, p. 33). Following the completion of the program, the student is also eligible to take the NCLEX-RN to receive licensure. Do these two years of additional education make a more(prenominal) competent nurse? Over the past several years, policy makers, researchers, and practice leaders have place that education does make a difference in how nurses practice (Johnston, 2009).The University of Pennsylvania in an issue of health check Care released one suchstudy that represents this in October, 2012 (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). It states that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had 14% lower betting odds of inpatient death within 30 days and 12% lower odds of failure-to-rescue compared with patients cared for in non-Magnet hospitals. The study authors conclude that these better outcomes were attributed in large part to investments in highly fitted and educated nurses, including a higher proportion of baccalaureate prepared nurses. (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012) The current healthcare milieu is changing through federal policy, technological advancements, and a growing global multicultural population. These additional years of education are believed to enhance the students professional development, prepares the new nurse for a broader scope of practice, and provides the nurse with a better understanding of the cultural, political, economic, and social issues that affect patients and influence (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). The four-year baccalaureate program offers more education to develop these skills giving the nurse the ability to adapt and contribute to these continual changes.Let us in a flash use the following patient care situation of a newly diagnosed patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type II to explore the differences of an Associate Degree nurse (ADN) and Baccalaureate Degree nurse (BNS). A newl y diagnosed diabetic needs teaching, the focus of this example will be on how the AND verses a BSN would approach teaching. As say previously the ADN is prepared at a more technical level, although they share the same basic science and theory as a BSN. After explaining the basics of disease process to the patient, the ADN primary focus may be on the methods of testing blood glucose levels, the correct techniques for selective service up insulin and administration. This is due to the fact that the sight of their educational training encompassed technical nursing. They would consider proper aseptic techniques for finger stick testing go teaching. Interrupting the results and applying it to a sliding scale of insulin related to food intake and activity. Then teaching the method of drawing up insulin, administration, and sharps disposal. A BSN nurse would teach the basics of the disease process taking the patients learning modality into consideration out front starting.What is the patients ability to learn? Is the patient realise to learn? What is the best method for teaching (audio, visual, written material, or discussion)? What is thefamily dynamic and should the family be involved in the teaching? Are there any cultural considerations? The BSN nurse might be inclined to research the topic of teaching new diabetics and find some current evidence based literature to supporter in providing the best possible care for this patient. All of these items would have to be taken into consideration before moving onto the task of blood glucose testing, interpreting results and administering insulin. The example above is just a brief breast into the thought process that comes with the different tracks of nursing education.A BNS nurse has a larger k flatledge base to work from applying critical thinking, evidence based research and cultural consideration into their daily practice. They also birth some of the qualifications to move toward nursing positions in leaders hip and management. Research is leaning toward the idea that a nurse that has received a Baccalaureate Degree makes for a more competent nurse. National nursing associations support this thought. Policy makers are privy to this information as well. What seems to be a topic of debate now could soon become a reality and change how we educate future nurses.ReferencesAmerican Association of Colleges of Nursing (2012, October 24). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved from http//www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education. Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2005). Contemporary Nursing Issues, Trends, and Management (3 rd ed.). St. Louis, Missouri Elsevier, Inc. Cresia, J. L., Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations The bridge over to Professional Nursing Practice, (5 th ed.). http//dx.doi.org/. Johnston, K. A. (2009). The Importance of Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing Education. Retrieved October 2, 2013, from http//www.peoriamagazines.com/ibi/2009/apr/ importance-baccalaureate-degree-nursing-education Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G. (2005). Fundementals of Nursing (6 th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri Mosby, Inc.

Water shortages in urban areas Essay Example for Free

Water shortages in urban areas EssayAn analysis of the Impacts of body of water rationing on universe health Case study of Makokoba, Bulawayo Introduction Zimbabwe local governance is made up of a musical arrangement of city councils and municipalities which are mandated to provide water and sanitation services and goods to their respective residents. This system has been effective during the colonial era where the urban areas were less populated than there are at the present moment. The Zimbabwe post-independence period has seen a large influx of people into the urban areas. The population growth in urban areas meant that most city councils and municipalities are failing to cope with the water demand. The major reason is that the rate of population increase in urban areas is by far greater than that of improving or increase the existing water supply. background informationHowever worries over water supply in Bulawayo is only part of a bigger trend across urban Africa1. Wat er is vital to any development, and its availability or dearth is a major driving force behind migration, population growth, and economic development, among other factors. As a whole, Africa has relatively ample water supply potential2. Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, which was established in the 1840s. Its economy was construct around it being a center of industry for the nation and a hub of transportation for the Southern Africa region.With this economic development, Bulawayo saw an unabated increase in water demand over the past three decades, with increasing urbanization, economic activity (until 2000), and population growth, which has steadily increased over time, to around 655675 (CSO 2012), in line with urban areas across Zimbabwe3. Bulawayo as a city and province has fai direct to secure a long term and sustainable water resources to meet its water demands both domestic and industrial.Its main water supply was reliant on five dams but currently being supp lied by Insiza and Lower Ncema and Umzingwane with the other two being decommissioned. This led to the city council to introducing the 72hours per week rationing strategy to save the remaining water resources prior to the rainy season. The water stress currently being faced by the city is attributed by several factors such as its geographical location, increased population, climateeffects and underdevelopment of infrastructure4. DAM VOLUMES 9/09/13

Legislatures learnsmart 5 Essay Example for Free

Legislatures learnsmart 5 audition1. True or false Both chambers of sex act each(prenominal)ow a part to express for an un stipulateed time on the floor. A false2. Which of the spare-time activity are members of the foretoken leaders? A Majority leader, bulk whip and minority leader3. Redistricting can diminish the advantages of being an incumbent beca handling the candidate loses name recognition4. Order the pursuance general steps that a bill must(prenominal) be given through in order to become law1. A member of the mansion house of Representatives or the Senate officially proposes the bill 2. Subgroups within the abode and Senate, composed of legislators who have expertise in the bills content mater, review the bill 3. A majority of members in the House and Senate must approve it 4. The Conference direction reconciles the bill when different versions have passed in the House and the Senate 5. President signs the bill5. Members of Congress may determine eng agement between their form _or_ system of government-making put to work and their representation function becauseA They feel printing pressd to vote for a policy that clashes with their fractions interests.6. To balance the desire for representation at different levels, the framers made Congress a bicameral institution.7. Congress has a number of functions other than lawmaking. These includeA Acting on presidential actions, setting the national schedule, and representing its constituents.8. Because taxation was such an grave military group to the framers, they withdrawd that all these measures must startA in the House.9. Reapportionment is the reallocation of seats in the House of Representatives to each differentiate based on changes in the states population since the last census.10. Which of the following is the most brawny leadership position in the SenateA Majority leader11. Which of the following are reasons why limited members of Congress are chosen for congressiona l leadership positions?A Ability to guide compromise, to persuade and to negotiate.12. When congressional district boundaries are redrawn within a state, it is known as redistricting13. Two of the most important influences on congressional elections are incumbency and redistricting.14. Which of the following oversight tools ensure that Congress has some say in how the executive branch administers the laws that Congress creates?A congressional hearings, budgetary appropriations and confirmation hearings.15. The single most important factor in determining the success of a congressional campaign is incumbency.16. Which congressional function involves auditing theatrical performance implementation of policy?A Oversight17. The power of taxation, among other powers, was given to CongressA to limit the power of the president and because it is more representative to the people.18. GerrymanderingA is usually legal.19 Which of the following influence agenda setting in Congress?A unrestricte d discourse, House and Senate leaders goals20 Which of the following of Congress, which all other functions of Congress are related to?A Policy making.21. Constituents influence the legislative process by ensuring that their representatives in Congress work hard to represent their perspectives and policy interests22. True or False A presidents popularity rating cannot affect a legislators decision to vote for a position billA True23. Committees are important becauseA They help develop passable economy they facilitate the consideration of high volume of bills and they each specialize in a certain casing of legislation.24. Congressional oversight includes the federal bureaucracy because it is apart of the executive branch.25. Interest groups engage in which of the following activities in order to influence legislators decision?A grassroots activism, financial contributions, and lobbying.26. Each senator represents his or her state, while House members represent their congressional district.27. Partisan right to vote occurs more often when members are voting on domestic policy issues that tend to crystallize ideological differences between the parties.28. House and Senate members often bank on which of the following inform their decision making on legislation because they frequently have policy expertise that can guide a legislator on an upcoming vote?A Staff member29. The presidents opinion concerning a specialised bill can influence members of Congress, especiallyA when they belong to the same party.30. Some manikins of Congresss use of the elastic clause includeA determining an oil companys place to drill on federal lands expanding law enforcement authority in terrorism case and regulating stem cell research.31. Which of the following is a legislative power the president does not possess?A Line-item veto.32. Legislators use pork barrel politics and earmarks to bring funds and jobs back to their home districts to show their constituents that they are w orking toward their best interests in Congress.33. For mundane matters about which their constituents are less likely to be aware or hold a strong position, legislators typically confide on the trustee object lesson of representation.34. Citizens wanting policies that benefit the elderly, while others advocate for legislation beneficial for children, is an example of the influence that Congress hasA in managing societal conflict35. Which of the following is not a direction new legislation can be introduce in the Senate?A A senators ply drafts a piece of proposed legislation and the senator place it in the hopper on the Senate floor.36. Congress manages societal conflict by representing a wide range of views and interests.37. The U.S Congress has a number of Constitutional powers beyond lawmaking. For example, itA govern the District of Columbia regulates the armed forces regulates interstate commerce and declares war.38. When a military commission or sub committee holds a hear ing, they are trying to gather information and views from experts about a proposed bill.39. Interest groups can be a valuable resource to legislators becauseA They can provide financial and electoral support.40. Oversight is an important function of Congress because it ensures that laws are being administered in keeping with legislators original intent.41. Which of the following are duties of the Speaker of the House?A Making majority party committee assignments chairing floor postulates42. Match the characteristics on the right with the chamber, which they let outHouse Taxation policies start in this chamber this chamber faces more frequent elections Senate Treaties are considered in this chamber this chamber is more deliberative.42. In the House of Representatives, a member of a legislators staff drafts t he proposed legislation and the House member puts the bill into the hopper.43. House leadership is chosen at theA beginning of each session of Congress.44, Congress continuousl y engages in agenda setting because it relieves the pressure parties face in getting their members to vote with their particular party.45. Congress engages in agenda setting when it determines which public policy issues the federal legislature should consider.46. The framers had tax bills start in the House becauseA it had a smaller constituency than the Senate it had a shorter electoral term.47. The practice in which members of Congress agree to vote for a bill inexchange for their colleagues vote on another bill is called logrolling.48. If a vote in the Senate is tied, the vice president breaks the tie.49. Historically, which position has been honorary in nature?A president pro tempore50. Which of the following contribute to incumbents having an advantage during congressional elections?A stronger name recognition ease in attracting contributions and easier access to media coverage.51. An effect review provides an opportunity for executive agencies that would administer a propose d law to comment on the measure.52. The Senate is more deliberative becauseA its electoral terms are longer it has fewer members.53. A filibuster can devise when a member of the Senate wishes to halt or delay the passage of a bill.54. After a committee agrees to the wording of a bill, the committee issues a report to the full chamber that explains the bill and its intent.55. Creating majority-minority districts is a eccentric of Gerrymandering.56. Which committee sets the structure for the debate that ensues in the full House?A Rules Committee.57. An elderly person deciding to vote to reelect a House representativeafter the representative has tracked down the constituents Social Security check is an example of how casework can benefit an incumbent.58. Unanimous consent agreements require that all senators agree to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation.59. A enunciate committee is composed of members of twain chambers of Congress.60. Redistricting can lessen the imp act of incumbency, especially in days ending in the number 2.61. Congress gets its powers from sources other than the Constitution, includingA American citizens, the media, and Supreme Court decisions.62. The House Majority leader acts as an assistant to the Speaker of the House in performing legislative duties.63. In more populated areas, congressional districts in the House of Representatives are oftenA homogeneous, cohesive units.64. AN select or appointed official acts as an ombudsperson when advocating for citizens by listening to and investigating complaints against a government agency.65. Which of the following is true about the Senate minority leader?A Leader of the minority party in the Senate negotiates with the majority leader.66. A select committee is created to consider specific policy issues or address a specific concern in legislature.67. Redistricting sometimes makes incumbency less important.68. If 51 or more Democrats are select to the Senate, each committee and subcommittee will have a minority of Republicans as members.69. When there is a date within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure it is calledA an earmark.70. Congressional leadership refers bills to the lead committee.71. Which of the following is not true about a markup?A The committee actually alters a bill72. The framers structured Congress in way thatA made it an effective check on the president made it powerful enough to govern, and kept it from becoming too powerful.73. After 1995, joint referrals were abolished from the House74. The House leadership position of whip acts as a liaison betweenA leadership and part members in the House.75. Which of the following terms describes the segment of voters who pay careful prudence to political issues?A attentive public76. Subcommittees are a subset of aA Standing committee.77. A standing committee is a permanent committee in Congress.78. Members of the House of Representatives are reluctant to defy the will of th eir congressional districts becauseA Their short two-year terms increase the probability that they will be voted out of post for going against the electorate.79. When an incumbent performs casework for a constituent, it helps to create a bang-up-word-of-mouth reputation and attracts support for that candidate during reelection.80. The ability to use franking to communicate with voters is a benefit inaccessible to non-incumbents.81. The attentive public is the segment of voters who pay careful attention to political issues.82. The term pork barrel describes legislators appropriations of funds via legislation for special projects located within their congressional districts.83. To end a filibuster, a supermajority of sixty senators must agree to invoke cloture and end debate 84. Which of the following is required to extract a bill from committee in order to have it considered by the entire House?A discharge petition85. A consequence of having a congressional dependable seat is that a house memberA can generally be partisan without disapproving political outcome.86. Committee chairs are often chosen using the seniority system, by which the member with the continuing continuous tenure on a standing committee receives preference when the committee chooses its chair87. Which model of representation insists that legislators vote in line with their constituents views even when this contradicts their personal views?A Instructed delegate model.88. What occurs after a conference committee reconciles a bill between the House and Senate?A The bill goes back to both chambers for a vote89. In this model of representation, a legislator may act in inverse to the clear wishes of his or her constituents, such as in cases where an action is for their own good or the good of society.A Trustee model90. The most powerful position in the Senate the majority leader manages the legislative process and schedules debate on legislation91. Senators sometimes find it hard to represent constituents because they are take by an entire states population, which may contain citizens who have conflicting views, ideologies, and policy priorities.

Evolution Of The Video Essay Example for Free

Evolution Of The picture EssayAbstractThe ubiquitous education of technical schoolnology and computers has changed the behavior people live, work, play and interact. The profile of moving in has alike changed dramatically throughout the years. With the development of faster bandwidths, idiot boxs were also introduced as part of the myriad of serve that cyberspace had to offer to its growing patrons. Raynovich (2005) wrote that the photo is late migrating into cyberspace to cater to the more sophisticated demands of the tech savvy. Several technological innovations in the ikon- entanglement interface argon cyclosis, earnings TV, moving-picture show conferencing and online looseness. The interface amongst the net profit and pictorial matter is inexorable as customers demand better quality and easy access to the medium. The development of the characterization on the profits is so far in constant flux. The current motion-picture show Internet protocol whitewas h needs more conviction to evolve. It is apparent that video on the Internet is the wave of the upcoming and something to assure forward to.IntroductionThe ubiquitous development of technology and computers has changed the way people live, work, play and interact. The profile of bloodline has also changed dramatically throughout the years. Technological advancements dominate the shift in business strategies of many firms and do traditional business models obsolete. Upheavals wrought by these developments have forced many corporations to restructure and seek unsanded directions. Financial food markets are non spared from the upheaval. World capital markets throughout the globe are now interlinked via satellite, ne cardinalrks and technology. globalisation has linked formerly independent economies. When a cataclysm occurs within a globally linked monetary system, the entire global market feels the ripples of the event. Businesses are no longer isolated entities that operate autonomously.People fuck live and work in virtual reality. It is no longer important that one be physically present in a given work area. Beca engage of computers and connectivity, people can choose to work where they resembling, when they like and how they like to do their job. With the click of a mo exercise, an ordinary worker can communicate with his counterpart elsewhere in the globe to discuss work and exchange ideas.The development of computers gave birth to the Internet. In the early 1960s, a hardly a(prenominal) visionaries saw great po 10tials in information exchange within the scientific and military circles (Howe, 2005). By 1969, ARPANET originally conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) became online. Only four computers from partner universities in the southwesterly US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah) were able to establish contact (Howe 2005).The Internet, or exclusively the Net, is a publicly genial worldwide s ystem of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching development a standardized Internet Protocol (IP). A few other institutions are liked to network. Initially, the net countenanced information services like electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web (Internet, n.d.).With the development of faster bandwidths, videos were also introduced as part of the myriad of services that cyberspace had to offer to its growing patrons. Raynovich (2005) wrote that the video is slowly migrating into cyberspace to cater to the more sophisticated demands of the tech savvy. Legacy video networks like production line boob tube, television broadcasts and the DVD and VHS formats are the prevailing formats for the past decades. However, with the entry of faster bandwidths and amend connectivity, it is apparent that the Internet is the wave of the future in video technology.Developments of the goggle box in the I nternetBy mid-1990s, service resultrs began introducing photos, audio, video and animations. It had broadened the scope of the Internet from just merely text-based transmissions. Real Audio ver. 1.0 genuine by Progressive Networks in 1995 stick outed Internet users to view real time images on the Internet without the need for down stretch alonging the file. This new technological uncoering is known as streaming. Streaming allowed consumers to access audio files straightaway with less download time. The user immediately trustworthy a transmission of the audio files as soon as it was released. In 1997, the same caller-out introduced Real exposure. This time, images were streamed and transmitted over the Internet.Microsoft was not far behind when they introduced Netshow 2.0 that apply better bandwidths. It was later renamed window Media Player 6.0 in 1999. The program allowed users to play both audio and video streaming formats. By 2000, the improved program can accommodate MP 3 formats. In 2003, an improved version of Window Media Player 9.0 allowed users to queue, cross-fade and playback audio and video clips. A video smoothing technology was also included in the new version that allowed content encryption at lower speeds. This was ideal for slow Internet connections (Shaw, n.d.)In streaming, there are two types of server. hotshot is a streaming server and the other is a lawful web server. A streaming server sends data in packets and determines the speed of the users connection. The server buffers the data so the video could be viewed continuously even when the speed establishs intermittent. The stream server sends video files in three ways unicast, multicast or reflected multicast (Streaming video on the Internet, 2000). On a regular web server, the video files are treated as regular file transfer. The files are also buffered to ensure continuous play. The video is played back not on the servers but on the users computer storage. The diagram in fig ure 1 illustrates the process.Aside from streaming, Live Web broadcasting or live webcast is another way of transmitting video tracks onto the Internet. As a computer playbacks the video content in a computer, a streaming server accepts the broadcast. Anyone accessing the server at the time of broadcast would be able to view the video as it is being played (Streaming video on the Internet, 2000).Figure 1 Process of video streaming (Streaming video on the Internet, 2000)..Streaming video is particularly useful as a acquire official document used in many technology driven classrooms. Shepard (2003) differentiated streaming video from the traditional mediums of video like CD-ROM, DVD or VHS tapes. The publishers of CD-ROM or DVD inadvertently lose copyright hold up of their products once purchased while in streaming, the publisher can harbour copyright be puzzle video streams may not be stored on the viewers computer. Compared to VHS, streaming is more flexible and interactive (p. 297).Streaming videos allow students to access demonstration or chatter at their own pace. Some of the important points of a lecture for example are hyperlinked to other sources that students can explore. Video streaming can also be used to facilitate examinations where teachers may post their questions and the students may send their answers. Video streaming presents an alternative form of learning transformation and allows teacher-student interaction.Another development in the video aspect in the Internet is the introduction of Internet television. Internet television allows viewers to access television programs on the Internet. However, the Internet offers more versatility and interactivity. The programs are watched on the users computer systems while according users more control over what they watch and obtain ancillary information over the Internet simultaneously (Noll, 2004, p.4). Presently, web TV received lukewarm responses from the users. Web TV allows users access to the internet through the use of the keyboard attached to a anticipate line and a television set to provide display.The HDTV offers clearer transmission because it broadcasts programs in digital format. The conk out lines are doubled compared to a conventional television and uses the UHF band width. Raynovich (2005) wrote that in the future, improvements in the Internet access and bandwidth would allow integration of the Internet and the video without mimicking existing cable television business models. The future of Internet television would ignore linear programming where the providers control the viewing choice and schedule. The Internet television should allow users to access programs anytime, anywhere and anyway the viewer would want it.Internet protocol television or IPTV is a current development in Internet television. Mike Volpi, senior vice president and global manager, Routing and Service Provider Technology Group, in an interview cited the new developments in Internet telev ision. IPTV is not simply television delivered over the Internet. It uses the same language and technology of internet. The principle of IPTV follows the tradition of traditional television, cable or satellite but delivered with a higher degree of personalization and searchability (Cisco, 2006). On IPTV, the users are allowed to pick their favorite television programs and watch them on-demand. The IPTVs interactivity differentiates it from traditional television and cable broadcasts.Video and audio conferencing have been in use for many years using a variety of mediums like the send for, television and the Internet. When using video conferencing on the Internet through streaming. The first video conferencing was Ericssons demonstration of the first trans-Atlantic LME video telephone calls (Roberts, 2004).The network video protocol (NVP) was introduced in 1976 and packet video protocol (PVP) in 1981(Roberts, 2004). Video conferencing has also become one of the popular medium of comm unication but limited in scope. Not all telephone companies offered the service to their customers.The Virtual Room Videoconferencing System (VRVS) was developed at Caltech-CERN on July of 1997. The initial intention was to provide the communication tools for researchers and scientists involved in the Large Hadron Collider Project and scientists in the High Energy and Nuclear physical science Community in the U.S. and Europe. It has since been expanded to include other professions like geneticists, doctors, and a host of other scientists that requires such a facility (Roberts, 2004). In 2000, Microsoft introduced the software NetMeeting to support video conferencing using the computer.There are two ways to conduct video conferencing on the web the point to point and multipoint services. Point to point or P2P can link two locations with live audio and video feeds while the multipoint system can provide a link to three or more locations. The P2P uses a protocol of H.323 to establis h contact between two points. When connected, both parties can now exchange audio and video over the Internet. For the multipoint system, a multipoint control unit or MCU is necessary to make three or more connections on H.323 protocol (Hunter, n.d.).When Steve Russell developed the first computer game Space War in 1961, videogames became a byword for many homes in the United States. Entrepreneurs saw an opportunity in the videogames sedulousness. Thus marked the beginnings of major leaders in videogames. Nolan Bushnell, the Atari render was the first to convert video games into a lucrative venture. He developed games without the need for complicated reason necessarys and sold them to the public. A modest 1500 units were sold through a pinball company. In 1972, Atari introduced Pong and generated revenues ten times more than the pinball machine.Bushnell later designed a simpler machine for home use. By 1976, the industry players had grown to twenty and their combined earnings gr ew from $200 million in 1978 to $1 billion in 1981. The biggest players at that time include National Semiconductor, Fairchild, General Instrument, Coleco, and Magnavox (Aoyama and Izushi, 2003, p.427). After several years of successful ventures, the market for video games crashed in 1983-1984. Aoyama and Izushi (2003) attributed the crash to oversupply and sub-standard designs of software (p.427).With the introduction of 3D and multimedia in the 1990s, it had revolutionized gaming to include network gaming. By the late 1990s, the MUD or multi-user domain protocol became a requisite in most videogames to allow multiple players for online gaming (Newman, 2004, p.115). The trend in online gaming is changing so rapidly that what is in vogue today may be obsolete in a few months. In online gaming, the players are allowed to pit against each other despite geographic and spatial distance. The Internet also allows online chat while players are competing against each other. The ubiquitous t echnology of the Internet had extended videogames from an individuals living room into a global domain.Issues with Internet VideoThe main problems that usually hound providers are bandwidth and economics. In streaming technologies, most users have limited capacity modem speed. While the speed rate slowly improves, there are still gaps that need to be addressed. For example, streaming video files require a minimum of 2500 to 5000 compression ratio. A multimedia video consumes about 2.4M bits/second, 80 times more than the bandwidth capacity of a regular 28.8K modem connection (Currier, 1996). To have good transmission, the bandwidth must be slightly higher than the usual.The second fruit is the time train that video and audio content may experience on the Internet. Unpredictable load and traffic may disrupt transmission thereby producing corrupted images or audio. Disruption can cause the loss of data. The solution to the problem is to change the analogue lines into digital ones t o increase bandwidth. A time delay of two seconds can render video conferencing useless. TCP/IP drop rate of 5% forget inevitably translate to transmission loss.The level of acceptance for IPTV or Internet TV is still low. The proliferation of video and Internet television is also highly dependent on costs. Very few investors at the second are willing to invest money into the medium. The medium also competes with traditional programming delivery of regular television broadcast and cable service.ConclusionThe interface between the Internet and video is inexorable as customers demand better quality and easy access to the medium. The development of the video on the Internet is still in constant flux. The current video Internet protocol still needs more time to evolve. It is apparent that video on the Internet is the wave of the future and something to look forward to.ReferencesAoyama, Y. and Izushi,H. (2003) Hardware thingumabob or cultural innovation? Technological, cultural, and s ocial foundations of the Japanese video game industry. Research Policy 32 423-444.Cisco, 2006. Ciscos vision for the evolution of video communications and entertainment Mike Volpi discusses the strategic importance of video in communications and media markets. Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2006/ts_121206.htmlCurrier, B. (1996). Is the Internet ready for video? Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//www.synthetic-ap.com/qt/internetvideo.htmlHowe, W. (2005) An anecdotal history of the people and communities that brought about the Internet and the Web. Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.htmlHunter, J. (n.d.) Video Conferencing An Introduction. Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//ezinearticles.com/?Video-ConferencingAn-Introductionid=70930Internet (n.d.) Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InternetNewman, J. (2004). Videogames, London Routledge.Noll, M.A. (2004). Chapter 1Internet Televisio n Definition and prospects in Internet Television. Darcy Gerbarg, Jo Groebel and Eli Noam (eds). Mahwah, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates1-8.Raynovich, R.S. (2005). Video is the Internet. Retrieved February 19, 2007 from http//www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=72472Roberts,L.P. (2004). The history of video conferencing Moving ahead at the speed of video. Retrieved February 19, 2007 from http//ezinearticles.com/?The-History-of-Video-ConferencingMoving-Ahead-at-the-Speed-of-Videoid=5369Shaw, R. (n.d.). The evolution of rich media. Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http//www.imediaconnection.com/content/2618.asp.Shepard, K. (2003). Questioning, promoting and evaluating the use of streaming video to support student learning. British Journal of Educational Technology 34(3) 295308.Streaming video on the Internet. (2000). Retrieved February 1997 from http//www.dps.com/custserv/doclib.nsf/55f584d47a8fd27585256bf300554e9f/9cb11874854c451c85256aaf00681f80/$FILE/Streaming%20Video%20Whit e%20Paper%20v1-0.pdf